Op-Amps & ComparatorsActive

LM358P

Manufacturer: Texas Instruments

Figures from the datasheet: Texas Instruments SLOS068, rev. Rev. AB, October 2024

Industry-standard dual operational amplifier designed for single-supply (3V to 32V) or split-supply (±1.5V to ±16V) operation with true ground sensing, 0.7MHz bandwidth, and low supply current.

PackagesPDIP-8
Supply voltage3 – 30 V
Temperature range0 – 70 °C
Official Datasheet (PDF)

Technical Overview

01

Technical Overview

The LM358 is an industry-standard dual operational amplifier manufactured by Texas Instruments (Document SLOS068AB, revised October 2024). Housed in a through-hole 8-pin PDIP package (P designation) and surface-mount SOIC-8 (D designation), it contains two independent, high-gain, internally frequency-compensated operational amplifiers designed specifically to operate from a single power supply over a wide voltage range from 3V to 32V (or ±1.5V to ±16V split supplies). The LM358 features a common-mode input voltage range that includes the negative supply rail (ground in single-supply systems), allowing direct sensing of signals near ground without external negative biasing. The PNP Darlington input stage provides high input impedance with typical input bias current of 20nA flowing out of the input pins. The complementary Class-AB output stage can swing to within 5mV of ground with a light pull-down load, while positive swing extends to approximately 1.5V below the positive supply rail. With typical quiescent consumption of only 350µA per amplifier independent of supply voltage, 0.7MHz gain-bandwidth product (1.2MHz in modern B/BA revisions), and 0.3V/µs slew rate, the LM358 is universally employed in single-supply sensor amplifiers, DC gain blocks, active filters, transducer interfaces, and general analog conditioning circuits.

Package Pinout & Alternate Functions

Interactive package pinout and pin mapping for PDIP-8.

Interactive pinout diagramTop

LM358P: PDIP-8 package illustrationInteractive package pinout and pin mapping for PDIP-8.1: OUT12: IN1-3: IN1+4: GND8: V+7: OUT26: IN2-5: IN2+

Package illustration, not a dimensioned mechanical drawing.

8 / 8 pins
#Pin nameType5V TolerantAlternate functions / details
OUT1analog out—
Channel 1 output terminal (amplified signal output for op-amp 1)
IN1-analog inNo
Channel 1 inverting input terminal (-)
IN1+analog inNo
Channel 1 non-inverting input terminal (+)
GNDground—
Negative power supply terminal (connects to 0V ground in single-supply or negative rail V- in split-supply operation)
IN2+analog inNo
Channel 2 non-inverting input terminal (+)
IN2-analog inNo
Channel 2 inverting input terminal (-)
OUT2analog out—
Channel 2 output terminal (amplified signal output for op-amp 2)
V+power in—
Positive power supply terminal (single supply 3V to 32V, or positive rail up to +16V in split-supply operation)

Key Specifications

Parametric attributes

ParameterMinTypicalMaxUnitTest condition
Input Offset Voltage(VOS)—27mVVS = 5 V to 30 V, VCM = 0 V, VO = 1.4 V, TA = 25°C
Input Offset Voltage Average Drift(dVOS/dT)—7—µV/°CVS = 5 V to 30 V, TA = 0°C to 70°C
Input Bias Current(IB)—-20-250nAVO = 1.4 V, TA = 25°C (current flows out of input pins)
Input Offset Current(IOS)—250nAVO = 1.4 V, TA = 25°C
Common-Mode Input Voltage Range(VCM)00 to (V+) - 1.5—VVS = 5 V to 30 V, TA = 25°C; linear operation extends to negative rail
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio(CMRR)6580—dBVS = 5 V to 30 V, VCM = 0 V, TA = 25°C
Power Supply Rejection Ratio(PSRR)65100—dBVS = 5 V to 30 V, TA = 25°C
Large-Signal Open-Loop Voltage Gain(AOL)25100—V/mVVS = 15 V, VO = 1 V to 11 V, RL >= 2 kΩ, TA = 25°C
Gain Bandwidth Product(GBW)—0.7—MHzf = 100 kHz, TA = 25°C (1.2 MHz for modern B/BA revisions)
Slew Rate(SR)—0.3—V/µsG = +1, unity gain, TA = 25°C (0.5 V/µs for modern B/BA revisions)
Quiescent Supply Current per Channel(IQ)—350600µAVS = 5 V, VO = 2.5 V, IO = 0 A, TA = 25°C
High-Level Output Voltage Swing from V+(VOH)—23VVS = 30 V, RL >= 10 kΩ, TA = 25°C (output typically reaches V+ - 1.5 V)
Low-Level Output Voltage Swing to GND(VOL)—520mVVS = 5 V, RL <= 10 kΩ connected to GND, TA = 25°C
Output Source Current(ISOURCE)2030—mAVS = 15 V, VO = 0 V, VID = 1 V, TA = 25°C
Output Sink Current(ISINK)1020—mAVS = 15 V, VO = 15 V, VID = -1 V, TA = 25°C

Absolute Maximum Ratings

Max supply voltage (VDD/VCC)32 V
Max input voltage32 V
Junction temperature0 – 70 °C
Storage temperature-65 – 150 °C
ESD rating (HBM)500 V
Thermal resistance θJA (PDIP-8)80.9 °C/W
Thermal resistance θJC (PDIP-8)70.4 °C/W

Hardware Engineering Gotchas

Real-world hardware caveats, PCB layout constraints and silicon errata to know before manufacturing.

Warning

Crossover Distortion in Complementary Class-AB Output Stage

The LM358 output stage uses a push-pull complementary emitter-follower design without significant quiescent bias current in the output transistors. When reproducing AC audio or analog waveforms that cross zero or the mid-supply bias point, the output passes through a deadband where neither transistor conducts smoothly, introducing noticeable crossover distortion.

Mitigation

For AC signal amplification or audio applications, add an external pull-down resistor (typically 1 kΩ to 4.7 kΩ) from the output pin to ground or the negative supply rail. This forces the upper NPN output transistor into continuous Class-A operation across the signal range, eliminating the crossover deadband.

Critical

Input Common-Mode Ceiling Limitation (V+ - 1.5 V)

Unlike true rail-to-rail input (RRI) op amps, the LM358 input stage uses PNP Darlingtons that require at least 1.5 V (2.0 V across full temperature) headroom below the positive supply rail to remain in linear operation. Driving either input above (V+ - 1.5 V) causes the input stage to saturate, leading to severe gain clipping or unexpected output behavior.

Mitigation

Ensure input signals remain strictly within the linear common-mode range: from V- (0 V) up to (V+ - 1.5 V). In non-inverting buffers operating from a 5 V rail, the input must not exceed 3.5 V. If signals must reach V+, increase the supply voltage rail or use a modern rail-to-rail input amplifier such as the LMC6482.

Warning

Limited Output Swing to the Positive Rail (VOH ≈ V+ - 1.5 V)

The output cannot swing all the way to the positive supply rail V+. The upper output Darlington and current-limit circuitry drop approximately 1.5 V under light loads and up to 2.0 V to 3.0 V under heavy sourcing currents (RL = 2 kΩ). On a 5 V supply, the maximum linear output voltage is only approximately 3.5 V.

Mitigation

Account for the 1.5 V positive saturation margin in the circuit dynamic range. If interfacing to a 5 V analog-to-digital converter (ADC), power the LM358 from a higher rail (such as 7 V to 12 V) while clamping ADC inputs, or use a rail-to-rail output (RRO) op amp.

Note

Input Bias Current Flows Out of Inputs (PNP Darlington)

Because the LM358 utilizes PNP input transistors, the input bias current (IB ≈ 20 nA typical, 250 nA max) flows out of the input pins toward ground, rather than into them as in NPN-input op amps. Passing this bias current through large source or feedback resistors develops an unexpected DC offset voltage.

Mitigation

Match the DC equivalent resistance seen by both the inverting and non-inverting inputs (RP = R1 || RF). Matching source impedances cancels the first-order voltage offset caused by IB, leaving only the much smaller input offset current (IOS ≈ 2 nA) to contribute to DC error.

Cross-Reference & Equivalents

Part number (MPN)ManufacturerCompatibilityElectrical differences / BOM considerations
LM258PTexas Instrumentspin to pin drop inIndustrial temperature range (-25°C to 85°C) instead of commercial (0°C to 70°C); identical pinout and electrical parameters.
LM2904PTexas Instrumentspin to pin drop inAutomotive/extended temperature range (-40°C to 125°C); maximum supply voltage rated to 26V (classic) or 36V (B-version).
LMC6482AIM/NOPBTexas Instrumentspin to pin drop inCMOS Rail-to-Rail input and output op-amp with femtoampere input bias current (20 fA typ) and 15.5V maximum supply voltage.

Reference Circuits

LM358 Inverting Operational Amplifier

Topology: Single-channel inverting amplifier with -3.6 V/V gain, 10 kΩ input resistor, 36 kΩ feedback resistor, and ±12 V split supply.

Inspect schematicOpen in Web CAD Editor

Official Documentation & Cited Datasheets

Primary semiconductor vendor datasheets, errata, and application notes.

DATASHEETTexas Instruments

LM158, LM258, LM358, LM2904 Industry-Standard Dual Operational Amplifiers

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