[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":774},["ShallowReactive",2],{"schematic:uln2003a-7-channel-relay-solenoid-driver:tr":3},{"schematic":4,"title":19,"shortDescription":22,"proseSource":734,"localizationFallbackIssues":735,"related":736,"confirmations":735},{"schemaVersion":5,"governance":6,"slug":18,"title":19,"cluster":20,"tier":21,"shortDescription":22,"deepTechnicalOverview":23,"theoryOfOperation":24,"keySpecifications":25,"applications":50,"gotchas":56,"formulas":75,"bom":148,"interactiveElements":194,"circuitJson":309,"svg":729,"relatedSchematicSlugs":730,"relatedComponentSlugs":733},"1.0",{"publication":7,"verification":10,"provenance":15},{"status":8,"publishedDate":9},"published","2026-11-03",{"status":11,"verifiedDate":9,"verifiedBy":12,"checklist":13},"verified","Gemini (AI documentary, CAD and hardware-localization review against Texas Instruments SLRS027P Rev. P; owner publication authorization; no bench, simulation, independent second review or native-speaker claim)",{"schema":14,"technicalFacts":14,"relationships":14,"sources":14},true,{"sourceUrls":16},[17],"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ti.com\u002Flit\u002Fds\u002Fsymlink\u002Fuln2003a.pdf","uln2003a-7-channel-relay-solenoid-driver","ULN2003A: 7 Kanallı Röle ve Solenoid Endüktif Yük Sürücüsü","microcontroller_interfaces","Tier 1","Dahili ters EMK bastırma diyotları ve hat dekuplajına sahip 12V röleler, solenoidler ve adım motorları için Texas Instruments ULN2003A 7 kanallı Darlington akım çekici sürücü devresi.","ULN2003A 7 kanallı röle ve solenoid sürücü devresi, düşük güçlü dijital mikrodenetleyiciler (5.0 V AVR veya 3.3 V ARM\u002FESP sistemleri gibi) ile yüksek akımlı endüktif aktüatörler (12 V elektromekanik röleler, pnömatik solenoid valfler ve tek kutuplu adım motoru sargıları gibi) arasında güvenilir bir çok kanallı alt kol (low-side sink) anahtarlama arayüzü sağlar.\n\nDevrenin kalbinde, 16 pinli bir kılıf içinde yedi monolitik NPN Darlington çifti barındıran Texas Instruments ULN2003A Darlington transistör dizisi yer alır. Her Darlington çifti, entegre beyz-emetör polarizasyon direnç ağına (2.7 kΩ seri giriş direnci ve toplamda 7.2 kΩ beyz-emetör boşaltma dirençleri) sahip ardışık bağlı iki bipolar transistörden oluşur. Bu yapı son derece yüksek doğru akım kazancı (tipik olarak 1000 ila 5000 hFE) sunarak mikroamper seviyesindeki mikrodenetleyici çıkış akımlarının 500 mA'e kadar kolektör akımlarını tam doyuma ulaştırmasını sağlar.\n\nHerhangi bir giriş portuna (P_IN1 - P_IN4) lojik YÜKSEK (+5.0 V) sinyali uygulandığında, akım dahili 2.7 kΩ seri direnç üzerinden ilk transistörün beyzine akar. Çiftin her iki transistörü de derin doyuma girerek ilgili açık kolektör çıkış pinini (1C - 4C) 200 mA'de tipik VCE(sat) ≈ 1.1 V (350 mA'de 1.6 V'a kadar) doyum gerilimiyle toprağa çeker. Bu durum bağlı röle bobinine (L1, L2) veya solenoide (L3, L4) çalışma gerilimini uygulayarak manyetik akı oluşturur ve mekanik çekirdeği çeker.\n\nElektromekanik röleler ve solenoidler endüktif sargılarında yüksek miktarda manyetik enerji depolar (E = 1\u002F2 * L * I^2). Giriş pini lojik DÜŞÜK (0 V) seviyesine geçtiğinde Darlington çifti aniden kesime gider. Faraday-Lenz indüksiyon yasası uyarınca (V = -L * dI\u002Fdt), akımın aniden kesilmesi açık kolektör ucunda 100 V'u aşabilen ve transistörü tahrip edebilecek yüksek gerilimli ters EMK darbesi üretir. ULN2003A, katotları dahili olarak Pin 9'a (COM) bağlı her kanal için entegre ters EMK bastırma diyotları içerir. Pin 9 doğrudan +12 V yük besleme hattına bağlandığında, (+12 V + VF ≈ 13.2 V) değerini aşan her türlü endüktif aşırı gerilim dahili diyotu hemen iletime geçirerek deşarj akımını manyetik enerji sönümlenene kadar bobin üzerinden güvenle sirküle eder.\n\nBesleme kararlılığı, yük hattının hemen yanına yerleştirilen yüksek frekanslı seramik kapasitör C1 (100 nF) ve elektrolitik rezervuar kapasitörü C2 (100 µF) ile korunur. C1 hızlı dI\u002Fdt anahtarlama gürültülerini süzerken, C2 röle ve solenoidlerin ilk çekme anındaki ani akım darbelerinin neden olduğu gerilim çökmelerini engeller.","ULN2003A 7 kanallı endüktif yük sürücüsünün çalışması beş ardışık elektriksel ve manyetik aşamadan oluşur:\n\n1. **Lojik Giriş Uyarımı ve Darlington Beyz İletimi:** Mikrodenetleyici girişe (örneğin P_IN1) YÜKSEK (+5.0 V) seviye uyguladığında, akım dahili 2.7 kΩ seri direnç üzerinden Pin 1'e akar. Gerilim, iki beyz-emetör jonksiyonunun toplam eşik değerini (VBE1 + VBE2 ≈ 1.4 V) aşarak ~1.3 mA beyz akımı sağlar. Darlington çifti hızla iletime geçer.\n\n2. **Endüktif Bobinin Enerjilenmesi ve Toprağa Çekme:** Çıkış transistörü doyuma girerek Pin 16'yı (1C) toprağa (Pin 8) göre VCE(sat) ≈ 1.1 V seviyesine çeker. Röle bobini L1 üzerinde VCC - VCE(sat) ≈ 12 V - 1.1 V = 10.9 V efektif gerilim oluşur. Akım, i(t) = (V\u002FR) * (1 - e^(-t \u002F tau)) (tau = L \u002F R) bağıntısına göre üssel olarak artar ve mekanik armatür çekme kuvvetine ulaşır.\n\n3. **Kararlı Durum Doyumu ve Kılıf Güç Harcaması:** Sürekli çekme anında akım IC = (VCC - VCE(sat)) \u002F R_coil değerinde dengelenir. Darlington çifti PD = VCE(sat) * IC + VIN * IIN kadar elektriksel güç harcar. Her biri 150 mA çeken 4 kanal aynı anda aktifken toplam ısıl güç harcaması, PDIP-16 kılıfının 1.0 W sınırının (jonksiyon-ortam ısıl direnci R_thetaJA = 67 °C\u002FW) oldukça altında kalır.\n\n4. **Girişin Kesilmesi ve Ters EMK Bastırma (Flyback Clamping):** Giriş pini lojik DÜŞÜK (0 V) seviyesine döndüğünde beyz akımı kesilir ve transistör 0.5 µs'den kısa sürede kapanır. Bobin akımının aniden kesilmesi yüksek bir ters gerilim darbesi üretir (V_L = -L * dI\u002Fdt). Kolektör gerilimi +12 V besleme hattını aşarak dahili ters EMK bastırma diyotunu V_clamp = VCC + VF ≈ 12 V + 1.2 V = 13.2 V seviyesinde iletime geçirir. Depolanan enerji (E = 1\u002F2 * L * I^2) diyot devresi üzerinden bobinin iç direncinde güvenle ısıya dönüştürülür.\n\n5. **Besleme Dekuplajı ve Toprak Dönüş Dengesi:** Bobinlerin açılıp kapanması +12 V hattında dI\u002Fdt darbeleri üretir. Seramik kapasitör C1 (100 nF) yüksek frekanslı gürültüleri toprağa aktarırken, elektrolitik kapasitör C2 (100 µF) yerel yük deposu sağlayarak lojik denetleyicinin çökmesini engeller.",[26,29,32,35,38,41,44,47],{"label":27,"value":28},"Nominal Yük Besleme Gerilimi (VCC)","+12.0 V DC (+4.5 V ila +50 V DC çalışma aralığı)",{"label":30,"value":31},"Lojik Giriş Çalışma Seviyesi","+5.0 V DC TTL\u002FCMOS (düşürülmüş akımla +3.3 V uyumlu)",{"label":33,"value":34},"Sürekli Kolektör Akımı (Çekici)","Kanal başına 500 mA tepe, 350 mA sürekli",{"label":36,"value":37},"Kolektör-Emetör Kırılma Gerilimi (VCE(BR))","Çalışma sıcaklığı aralığında minimum 50 V DC",{"label":39,"value":40},"Kolektör-Emetör Doyum Gerilimi (VCE(sat))","IC = 200 mA'de tipik 1.1 V; IC = 350 mA'de maks 1.6 V",{"label":42,"value":43},"Bastırma Diyodu Maksimum Sürekli İletim Akımı","500 mA (kanal kolektör akım sınırıyla eşleşir)",{"label":45,"value":46},"Bastırma Diyodu Ters Kırılma Gerilimi","Minimum 50 V DC",{"label":48,"value":49},"Kılıf Güç Harcama Sınırı (PD)","1.0 W (TA \u003C= 25 °C'de PDIP-16, 25 °C üzerinde 8.0 mW\u002F°C düşüş)",[51,52,53,54,55],"Mikrodenetleyicilerle (Arduino, STM32, PIC, ESP32) çok kanallı 12V elektromekanik röle grubu kontrolü","Otomasyon sistemlerinde pnömatik ve hidrolik 12V \u002F 24V solenoid valflerin sıralı kontrolü","Tek kutuplu 4 fazlı adım motoru bobin sürüşü (ör. 28BYJ-48 5V\u002F12V adım motorları)","Yüksek akımlı LED matrisleri ve 7 segmentli göstergelerin ortak katot sürüşü","Fırçalı DC motorların tek yönlü açma\u002Fkapama ve düşük frekanslı PWM hız kontrolü",[57,62,67,71],{"title":58,"trap":59,"solution":60,"severity":61},"Boşta Kalan COM Pini Çıkış Transistörlerini Tahrip Eder","Pin 9'un (COM) boşta bırakılması, dahili ters EMK bastırma diyotlarını yük besleme hattından tamamen ayırır. Herhangi bir röle veya solenoid kapandığında ters EMK gerilim darbeleri 50V'u aşarak çığ kırılmasına ve ani kısa devreye yol açar.","Pin 9'u (COM) daima röle ve solenoid bobinlerini besleyen +12V pozitif yük besleme hattına doğrudan bağlayın. Hat endüktansını en aza indirmek için dekuplaj kapasitörlerini yakın yerleştirin.","critical",{"title":63,"trap":64,"solution":65,"severity":66},"Darlington Doyum Gerilim Düşümü (1.1V - 1.6V) Bobin Gerilimini Azaltır","Düşük RDS(on) dirençli MOSFET'lerin aksine, Darlington yapısı kolektör-emetör terminalleri arasında VCE(sat) ≈ 1.1V ila 1.6V gerilim düşümüne neden olur. 12V'luk bir röleye sadece 10.4V ila 10.9V ulaşır, bu da besleme gerilimi düştüğünde çekme sorunlarına yol açabilir.","Röle veya solenoidin minimum çekme geriliminin (genellikle anma geriliminin %70 ila %80'i) 10.5V'ta sağlandığını doğrulayın veya harici besleme gerilimini +12.5V'a ayarlayın.","warning",{"title":68,"trap":69,"solution":70,"severity":61},"Toplam Toprak Akımı 2.5A Kılıf Pin Sınırını Aşabilir","Her kanal tek başına 500mA tepe akımı taşıyabilse de, yedi kanalın tümünün aynı anda 500mA çekmesi Pin 8 (E) üzerinden 3.5A akıtarak kılıf içi bağlantı telini eritir ve 1.0W ısıl sınırı aşar.","Pin 8 üzerinden akan toplam sürekli toprak akımını \u003C= 1.5A ila 2.0A ile sınırlandırın. Yüksek akımlı yüklerde çekme anlarını zamanlayarak kaydırın veya yükleri birden fazla sürücüye dağıtın.",{"title":72,"trap":73,"solution":74,"severity":66},"3.3V Lojik Sürüşte Akım Kapasitesinin Düşmesi","Dahili 2.7 kΩ beyz direnci 5.0V TTL\u002FCMOS seviyeleri için optimize edilmiştir. Girişlerin 3.3V mikrodenetleyicilerle (ESP32, Raspberry Pi Pico vb.) sürülmesi sadece ~0.7mA beyz akımı sağlayarak doyum akımını kanal başına ~200mA ile sınırlandırır.","3.3V lojik sistemlerde 200mA'i aşan yükler için iki komşu kanalı paralel bağlayın (girişleri ve çıkışları birleştirerek) veya düşük gerilimli ULN2003LV ya da aktif MOSFET sürücüleri kullanın.",[76,100,116,133],{"name":77,"latexOrText":78,"description":79,"variables":80},"Doyumda Röle Bobini Çekme Akımı","I_C = \\frac{V_{CC} - V_{CE(sat)}}{R_{coil}}","Darlington doyum gerilim düşümünü hesaba katarak enerjilenen röle veya solenoid bobininden geçen kararlı durum kolektör akımını hesaplar.",[81,86,91,95],{"symbol":82,"name":83,"typicalValue":84,"unit":85},"I_C","Kolektör Akımı (Çekici)","150","mA",{"symbol":87,"name":88,"typicalValue":89,"unit":90},"V_{CC}","Yük Besleme Hattı Gerilimi","12.0","V",{"symbol":92,"name":93,"typicalValue":94,"unit":90},"V_{CE(sat)}","Kolektör-Emetör Doyum Gerilimi","1.1",{"symbol":96,"name":97,"typicalValue":98,"unit":99},"R_{coil}","Röle Bobini DC Direnci","72","Ω",{"name":101,"latexOrText":102,"description":103,"variables":104},"Depolanan Endüktif Manyetik Enerji","E_L = \\frac{1}{2} L \\cdot I_C^2","Kapanma anında ters EMK bastırma diyodu tarafından güvenle sönümlenmesi gereken bobin sargısındaki toplam manyetik enerjiyi belirler.",[105,110,114],{"symbol":106,"name":107,"typicalValue":108,"unit":109},"E_L","Depolanan Manyetik Enerji","1.69","mJ",{"symbol":111,"name":112,"typicalValue":84,"unit":113},"L","Bobin Endüktansı","mH",{"symbol":82,"name":115,"typicalValue":84,"unit":85},"Kararlı Durum Bobin Akımı",{"name":117,"latexOrText":118,"description":119,"variables":120},"Ters EMK Bastırma Diyodu Güç Harcaması","P_{clamp} = E_L \\cdot f_{switch} = \\frac{1}{2} L \\cdot I_C^2 \\cdot f_{switch}","Endüktif yüklerin periyodik frekanslarda anahtarlanması sırasında dahili bastırma diyotlarında harcanan ortalama ısıl gücü hesaplar.",[121,126,128],{"symbol":122,"name":123,"typicalValue":124,"unit":125},"P_{clamp}","Diyot Ortalama Güç Harcaması","16.9","mW",{"symbol":106,"name":127,"typicalValue":108,"unit":109},"Darbe Başına Manyetik Enerji",{"symbol":129,"name":130,"typicalValue":131,"unit":132},"f_{switch}","Anahtarlama \u002F Çalışma Frekansı","10","Hz",{"name":134,"latexOrText":135,"description":136,"variables":137},"Toplam Kılıf Güç Harcaması","P_D = \\sum_{k=1}^{n} \\left( V_{CE(sat),k} \\cdot I_{C,k} \\cdot D_k + V_{IN,k} \\cdot I_{IN,k} \\cdot D_k \\right)","Jonksiyon sıcaklığının 150 °C mutlak sınırını aşmasını önlemek için tüm aktif kanalların toplam ısıl güç harcamasını hesaplar.",[138,141,142,144],{"symbol":139,"name":134,"typicalValue":140,"unit":125},"P_D","660",{"symbol":92,"name":93,"typicalValue":94,"unit":90},{"symbol":82,"name":143,"typicalValue":84,"unit":85},"Kanal Kolektör Akımı",{"symbol":145,"name":146,"typicalValue":5,"unit":147},"D","Kanal Görev Döngüsü (Duty Cycle)","ratio",[149,158,165,169,176,180,187],{"refDes":150,"componentName":151,"value":152,"package":153,"quantity":154,"componentSlug":155,"role":156,"notes":157},"U1","7 Kanallı Darlington Transistör Dizisi","ULN2003A","PDIP-16",1,"uln2003a","Çok Kanallı Endüktif Alt Kol Akım Çekici Sürücü","Texas Instruments ULN2003AN; kanal başına 50V \u002F 500mA, ortak katotlu (COM) entegre ters EMK diyotları.",{"refDes":159,"componentName":160,"value":161,"package":162,"quantity":154,"role":163,"notes":164},"L1","Minyatür 12V SPDT Elektromekanik Röle 1","Omron G5V-1-DC12","DIP-6","Kanal 1 Endüktif Röle Yükü","Omron Electronic Components G5V-1-DC12; 12V DC bobin, 960 Ω nominal direnç (~12.5 mA çekme akımı), 1A kontak anma değeri.",{"refDes":166,"componentName":167,"value":161,"package":162,"quantity":154,"role":168,"notes":164},"L2","Minyatür 12V SPDT Elektromekanik Röle 2","Kanal 2 Endüktif Röle Yükü",{"refDes":170,"componentName":171,"value":172,"package":173,"quantity":154,"role":174,"notes":175},"L3","12V DC Doğrusal İtme-Çekme Solenoid Aktüatör 1","JF-0530B-12V","Chassis Mount \u002F Flying Leads","Kanal 3 Yüksek Akımlı Endüktif Solenoid Yükü","12V DC açık çerçeveli solenoid aktüatör; ~40 Ω bobin direnci (~300 mA sürekli tutma akımı, 5N strok kuvveti).",{"refDes":177,"componentName":178,"value":172,"package":173,"quantity":154,"role":179,"notes":175},"L4","12V DC Doğrusal İtme-Çekme Solenoid Aktüatör 2","Kanal 4 Yüksek Akımlı Endüktif Solenoid Yükü",{"refDes":181,"componentName":182,"value":183,"package":184,"quantity":154,"role":185,"notes":186},"C1","Çok Katmanlı Seramik Dekuplaj Kapasitörü","100nF","0805 \u002F Radial","Yük Besleme Hattı Yüksek Frekans Filtresi","KEMET C320C104K5R5TA; 100nF 50V X7R seramik, U1 Pin 9 (COM) yakınındaki hızlı dI\u002Fdt gürültülerini süzer.",{"refDes":188,"componentName":189,"value":190,"package":191,"quantity":154,"role":192,"notes":193},"C2","Alüminyum Elektrolitik Rezervuar Kapasitörü","100µF","Radial 6.3x11mm","Yük Besleme Hattı Rezervuarı","Nichicon UVR1E101MDD; 100µF 25V radyal elektrolitik, solenoid ilk çekme akımlarını sönümler ve gerilim çökmesini önler.",{"U1":195,"P_IN1":205,"P_IN2":216,"P_IN3":223,"P_IN4":230,"P_VLOAD":237,"L1":247,"L2":257,"L3":263,"L4":272,"C1":277,"C2":285,"GND1":293,"GND2":302},{"refDes":150,"name":196,"value":152,"role":156,"description":197,"componentSlug":155,"footprint":198,"specs":199},"ULN2003A 7 Kanallı Darlington Transistör Dizisi","Dahili beyz dirençleri ve ortak katotlu ters EMK diyotlarına sahip yedi monolitik 50V\u002F500mA NPN Darlington çifti.","PDIP-16 \u002F SOIC-16",{"Kanal Sayısı":200,"Maksimum Kolektör Gerilimi (VCE)":201,"Maksimum Kolektör Akımı (IC)":202,"Doyum Gerilimi (VCE(sat))":203,"Entegre Ters EMK Bastırma Diyotları":204},"7 bağımsız alt kol (low-side) akım çekici","50 V DC","500 mA tepe, 350 mA sürekli","200 mA'de tipik 1.1 V","Pin 9'a (COM) bağlı 7 adet ortak katotlu diyot",{"refDes":206,"name":207,"value":208,"role":209,"description":210,"footprint":211,"specs":212},"P_IN1","Lojik Giriş 1 (Röle 1 Kontrolü)","IN1","Kanal 1 Dijital Kontrol Portu","Darlington kanal 1'i (Pin 1 - Pin 16) süren 5V TTL\u002FCMOS aktif yüksek dijital lojik giriş.","2.54mm Pin Header",{"Giriş Gerilimi (VI)":213,"Dahili Seri Direnç":214,"Nominal Giriş Akımı":215},"+5.0 V nominal (aktif yüksek)","2.7 kΩ","5.0 V'ta 1.3 mA",{"refDes":217,"name":218,"value":219,"role":220,"description":221,"footprint":211,"specs":222},"P_IN2","Lojik Giriş 2 (Röle 2 Kontrolü)","IN2","Kanal 2 Dijital Kontrol Portu","Darlington kanal 2'yi (Pin 2 - Pin 15) süren 5V TTL\u002FCMOS aktif yüksek dijital lojik giriş.",{"Giriş Gerilimi (VI)":213,"Dahili Seri Direnç":214,"Nominal Giriş Akımı":215},{"refDes":224,"name":225,"value":226,"role":227,"description":228,"footprint":211,"specs":229},"P_IN3","Lojik Giriş 3 (Solenoid 1 Kontrolü)","IN3","Kanal 3 Dijital Kontrol Portu","Darlington kanal 3'ü (Pin 3 - Pin 14) süren 5V TTL\u002FCMOS aktif yüksek dijital lojik giriş.",{"Giriş Gerilimi (VI)":213,"Dahili Seri Direnç":214,"Nominal Giriş Akımı":215},{"refDes":231,"name":232,"value":233,"role":234,"description":235,"footprint":211,"specs":236},"P_IN4","Lojik Giriş 4 (Solenoid 2 Kontrolü)","IN4","Kanal 4 Dijital Kontrol Portu","Darlington kanal 4'ü (Pin 4 - Pin 13) süren 5V TTL\u002FCMOS aktif yüksek dijital lojik giriş.",{"Giriş Gerilimi (VI)":213,"Dahili Seri Direnç":214,"Nominal Giriş Akımı":215},{"refDes":238,"name":239,"value":240,"role":241,"description":242,"footprint":243,"specs":244},"P_VLOAD","+12V DC Yük Besleme Hattı","+12V","Ana Endüktif Aktüatör Besleme Girişi","Röle bobinlerine, solenoidlere ve ters EMK diyot katot hattına enerji sağlayan harici +12V DC güç hattı.","5.08mm Screw Terminal \u002F DC Jack",{"Nominal Gerilim":245,"Önerilen Akım Kapasitesi":246},"+12.0 V DC","minimum 2.0 A kapasite",{"refDes":159,"name":248,"value":249,"role":250,"description":251,"footprint":252,"specs":253},"12V DC Elektromekanik Röle 1 Bobini","RELAY 1 (12V)","Endüktif Röle Aktüatörü 1","Kanal 1 YÜKSEK sürüldüğünde enerjilenen minyatür SPDT röle bobini.","DIP-6 Through-Hole",{"Anma Bobin Gerilimi":254,"Bobin Direnci":255,"Nominal Akım":256},"12 V DC","960 Ω","12.5 mA",{"refDes":166,"name":258,"value":259,"role":260,"description":261,"footprint":252,"specs":262},"12V DC Elektromekanik Röle 2 Bobini","RELAY 2 (12V)","Endüktif Röle Aktüatörü 2","Kanal 2 YÜKSEK sürüldüğünde enerjilenen minyatür SPDT röle bobini.",{"Anma Bobin Gerilimi":254,"Bobin Direnci":255,"Nominal Akım":256},{"refDes":170,"name":264,"value":265,"role":266,"description":267,"footprint":268,"specs":269},"12V DC Doğrusal Solenoid Aktüatör 1","SOLENOID 1 (12V)","Yüksek Akımlı Endüktif Aktüatör 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ve besleme dekuplajına sahip ayrık npn transistörlü alçak taraf 12v röle sürücü devresi.\n1n4007 sönümleme diyotlu 2n2222 \u002F 2n2222a npn bjt röle sürücüsü\n3.3v\u002F5v mcu kontrolü için 1n4007 flyback sönümleme diyotu, beyz doyum sürmesi ve besleme dekuplajına sahip ayrık npn transistörlü alçak taraf 12v röle sürücü devresi.\n2n2222 \u002F 2n2222a npn bjt relay driver with 1n4007 flyback clamping diode\ndiscrete npn bipolar junction transistor low-side relay driver circuit with 1n4007 flyback suppression diode, base saturation drive, and supply decoupling for 3.3v\u002F5v mcu control.\nmicrocontroller_interfaces\ngenel amaçlı npn bipolar transistör\n2n2222a\nq1\ngenel amaçlı doğrultucu \u002F sönümleme diyotu\n1n4007\nd1\nsubminyatür elektromekanik spdt röle\ng5v-1-dc12\nk1\nbeyz akım sınırlama direnci 1 kω\n1kω\nr1\nbeyz pull-down direnci 10 kω\n10kω\nr2\nyüksek frekanslı dekuplaj seramik mlcc\n100nf 50v\nc1\nalüminyum elektrolitik bara dekuplaj kondansatörü\n47µf 25v\nc2",{"slug":754,"cluster":20,"tier":21,"supplyVoltage":755,"voltageSpecification":756,"signalDomain":747,"breadboardFriendly":14,"title":759,"shortDescription":760,"bomCount":761,"formulaCount":751,"search":762},"bss138-bidirectional-i2c-level-shifter",[740,741],{"kind":744,"value":757,"label":758},"+3.3 V DC nominal (+1.65 V ile +3.6 V çalışma aralığı)","Düşük Gerilim Beslemesi (VDD1)","BSS138 ile 3.3V - 5V Çift Yönlü I2C Mantık Seviyesi Dönüştürücü","Pull-up dirençleri ve besleme dekuplajı ile iki adet onsemi BSS138 N-kanal MOSFET kullanarak 3.3V ve 5V mantık alanlarını birbirine bağlayan çift yönlü I2C veri yolu gerilim seviye dönüştürücüsü.",8,"bss138 ile 3.3v - 5v çift yönlü i2c mantık seviyesi dönüştürücü\npull-up dirençleri ve besleme dekuplajı ile iki adet onsemi bss138 n-kanal mosfet kullanarak 3.3v ve 5v mantık alanlarını birbirine bağlayan çift yönlü i2c veri yolu gerilim seviye dönüştürücüsü.\nbss138 ile 3.3v - 5v çift yönlü i2c mantık seviyesi dönüştürücü\npull-up dirençleri ve besleme dekuplajı ile iki adet onsemi bss138 n-kanal mosfet kullanarak 3.3v ve 5v mantık alanlarını birbirine bağlayan çift yönlü i2c veri yolu gerilim seviye dönüştürücüsü.\nbss138 bidirectional i2c 3.3v to 5v level shifter\nbidirectional i2c bus voltage level translator interfacing 3.3v and 5v logic domains using two onsemi bss138 n-channel mosfets with pull-up resistors and decoupled supplies.\nmicrocontroller_interfaces\nn-kanal mantık seviyesi mosfet\nbss138\nq1\nn-kanal mantık seviyesi mosfet\nbss138\nq2\nsmd çip direnç\n10kω\nr1\nsmd çip direnç\n10kω\nr2\nsmd çip direnç\n10kω\nr3\nsmd çip direnç\n10kω\nr4\nçok katmanlı seramik kondansatör\n100nf\nc1\nçok katmanlı seramik kondansatör\n100nf\nc2",{"slug":764,"cluster":20,"tier":21,"supplyVoltage":765,"voltageSpecification":766,"signalDomain":747,"breadboardFriendly":14,"title":770,"shortDescription":771,"bomCount":761,"formulaCount":772,"search":773},"esp32-auto-reset-flashing-circuit",[740],{"kind":767,"value":768,"label":769},"logic","3,3 V (DevKitC V4 üzerinde VDD33)","Çalışma lojik seviyesi","ESP32 Otomatik Reset ve Önyükleme Devresi (DTR\u002FRTS)","Espressif geliştirme kartlarındaki iki transistörlü devre: esptool, Arduino IDE ve PlatformIO bir USB-UART köprüsünün DTR ve RTS hatları üzerinden ESP32’yi resetler ve seri bootloader’ını başlatır; hiçbir düğmeye basmak gerekmez.",3,"esp32 otomatik reset ve önyükleme devresi (dtr\u002Frts)\nespressif geliştirme kartlarındaki iki transistörlü devre: esptool, arduino ide ve platformio bir usb-uart köprüsünün dtr ve rts hatları üzerinden esp32’yi resetler ve seri bootloader’ını başlatır; hiçbir düğmeye basmak gerekmez.\nesp32 otomatik reset ve önyükleme devresi (dtr\u002Frts)\nespressif geliştirme kartlarındaki iki transistörlü devre: esptool, arduino ide ve platformio bir usb-uart köprüsünün dtr ve rts hatları üzerinden esp32’yi resetler ve seri bootloader’ını başlatır; hiçbir düğmeye basmak gerekmez.\nesp32 auto-reset and boot circuit (dtr\u002Frts)\nthe two-transistor circuit from espressif development boards that lets esptool, arduino ide and platformio reset an esp32 and start its serial bootloader through the dtr and rts lines of a usb-to-uart bridge, with no buttons pressed.\nmicrocontroller_interfaces\nküçük sinyal npn transistör\n2n3904\nq1\nküçük sinyal npn transistör\n2n3904\nq2\ndirenç\n10kω\nr1\ndirenç\n10kω\nr2\ndirenç\n10kω\nr3\nseramik kondansatör\n1µf\nc1\ndokunsal buton\nboot\nsw1\ndokunsal buton\nen\nsw2",1793836435392]