[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":648},["ShallowReactive",2],{"schematic:ne555-astable-square-wave-generator:tr":3},{"schematic":4,"title":19,"shortDescription":22,"proseSource":605,"localizationFallbackIssues":606,"related":607,"confirmations":606},{"schemaVersion":5,"governance":6,"slug":18,"title":19,"cluster":20,"tier":21,"shortDescription":22,"deepTechnicalOverview":23,"theoryOfOperation":24,"keySpecifications":25,"applications":47,"gotchas":52,"formulas":63,"bom":106,"interactiveElements":153,"circuitJson":201,"svg":601,"relatedSchematicSlugs":602,"relatedComponentSlugs":603,"relatedBoardSlugs":604},"1.0",{"publication":7,"verification":10,"provenance":15},{"status":8,"publishedDate":9},"published","2026-10-13",{"status":11,"verifiedDate":9,"verifiedBy":12,"checklist":13},"verified","Codex (documentary engineering review against TI SLFS022K; owner authorized publication on 2026-10-13; no physical bench test)",{"schema":14,"technicalFacts":14,"relationships":14,"sources":14},true,{"sourceUrls":16},[17],"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ti.com\u002Flit\u002Fds\u002Fsymlink\u002Fne555.pdf","ne555-astable-square-wave-generator","NE555 Kararsız (Astable) Kare Dalga Üreteci","timing_oscillators","Tier 1","Hassas saat darbeleri, ses tonları ve ayarlanabilir frekanslı kare dalgalar üreten endüstri standardı gevşemeli osilatör devresi.","NE555 zamanlayıcısının kararsız (astable) modu, iki dahili gerilim karşılaştırıcısı, bir SR flip-flop ve 7. pindeki açık kolektörlü NPN deşarj transistörüne dayalı serbest çalışan bir gevşemeli osilatördür. Harici saat darbeleri olmadan tamamen özerk çalışan devre, zamanlama kondansatörü C1 elemanını 1\u002F3 VCC ile 2\u002F3 VCC arasında dönüşümlü olarak şarj ve deşarj ederek Pin 3 çıkışında sürekli bir dijital kare dalga üretir.","1. Şarj Aşaması (Çıkış HIGH): Başlangıçta zamanlama kondansatörü C1 boştur. Güç uygulandığında Pin 2 (TRIGGER) gerilimi 1\u002F3 VCC altındadır; bu durum alt karşılaştırıcıyı tetikleyerek dahili flip-flop devresini kurar. Pin 3 (OUTPUT) çıkışı HIGH olur; gerilimi beslemeye ve yüke bağlıdır ve dahili deşarj transistörü (Pin 7) kesime girer (OFF). Akım VCC hattından R1 ve R2 üzerinden C1 içine akar. C1, tau_charge = (R1 + R2) * C1 zaman sabitiyle 2\u002F3 VCC seviyesine doğru üstel olarak şarj olur.\n\n2. Üst Eşik Anahtarlaması (Threshold): C1 üzerindeki gerilim 2\u002F3 VCC değerine ulaştığında Pin 6 (THRESHOLD) dahili üst karşılaştırıcıyı tetikler. Bu durum flip-flop devresini sıfırlar: Pin 3 aniden LOW (GND yakını) seviyesine geçer ve dahili deşarj transistörü iletime geçerek (ON) Pin 7 ucunu toprağa bağlar.\n\n3. Deşarj Aşaması (Çıkış LOW): Pin 7 dahili açık kolektörlü NPN transistör ile toprağa çekildiğinde, VCC hattından R1 üzerinden gelen akım doğrudan toprağa akar; bu sırada C1 kondansatörü yalnızca R2 direnci üzerinden Pin 7 içine tau_discharge = R2 * C1 zaman sabitiyle deşarj olur. C1 üzerindeki gerilim üstel olarak toprağa doğru 1\u002F3 VCC seviyesine kadar düşer.\n\n4. Döngü Tekrarı: C1 gerilimi 1\u002F3 VCC altına düştüğünde Pin 2 (TRIGGER) düşük gerilimi algılayarak flip-flop devresini yeniden kurar: Pin 3 HIGH olur, Pin 7 kesime gider ve C1 yeniden şarj olmaya başlar. Bu kararsız salınım döngüsü kesintisiz olarak devam eder.",[26,29,32,35,38,41,44],{"label":27,"value":28},"Çalışma Besleme Gerilimi Aralığı","4,5–16 V DC (Texas Instruments NE555; gösterilen devre +5 V kullanır)",{"label":30,"value":31},"Maksimum Çıkış Akımı","200 mA (akım verme \u002F çekme kapasitesi)",{"label":33,"value":34},"Nominal Tasarım Frekansı","139 Hz (R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = 47 kΩ, C1 = 100 nF ile); ideal hesap değeri, ölçülmemiştir",{"label":36,"value":37},"Çalışma Frekansı Aralığı","Frekans R1, R2 ve C1 seçimiyle değişir; TI, NE555 için 100 kHz veya daha düşük frekans önerir",{"label":39,"value":40},"Nominal Görev Döngüsü","54.8% (Tasarım değerleri: R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = 47 kΩ); ideal hesap değeri, ölçülmemiştir",{"label":42,"value":43},"Ayarlanabilir Görev Döngüsü Aralığı","İdeal topoloji: %50’den büyük ve %100’den küçük; R1\u002FR2 değişikliği gerekir (devrede ayar elemanı yoktur)",{"label":45,"value":46},"Zamanlayıcı zaman aralığının sıcaklık katsayısı","Astabil modda tipik 150 ppm\u002F°C; harici direnç ve kondansatör kayması hariç (TI SLFS022K §5.6)",[48,49,50,51],"Dijital sistem saat darbesi kaynakları ve mikrodenetleyici kalp atışı (heartbeat) üreteçleri","İşitilebilir alarm üreteçleri, piezo ses dönüştürücüleri ve akustik sirenler","LED stroboskop devreleri ve darbeli optik uyarı sistemleri","Test tezgahları ve laboratuvar zamanlayıcıları için periyodik referans darbe kaynakları",[53,58],{"title":54,"trap":55,"solution":56,"severity":57},"Çıkış anahtarlaması sırasında besleme bozulmaları","Çıkış anahtarlaması ve yük akımındaki değişimler besleme hattını bozabilir. Yetersiz yerel dekuplaj zamanlamayı veya yakındaki devreleri etkileyebilir; geçici değişimin büyüklüğü çalışma koşullarına ve yerleşime bağlıdır.","TI, VCC ile GND arasında 100 nF seramik dekuplaj kondansatörü önerir. C4 bileşenini kısa bağlantılarla Pin 8 ve Pin 1 yakınına yerleştirin. C3, bu tasarımda kullanılan ek 100 µF rezerv kondansatörüdür.","critical",{"title":59,"trap":60,"solution":61,"severity":62},"Kontrol Gerilimi Bacağında (Pin 5) Ortam Paraziti Kapma","Pin 5 (CONTROL) ucunu boşta bırakmak, yüksek frekanslı EMI parazitlerinin dahili 2\u002F3 VCC referans gerilim bölücüsüne kapasitif olarak kuplajlanmasına neden olarak saat seğirmesine (jitter) ve kararsız frekans modülasyonuna yol açar.","Bu devrede kontrol eşiğine gürültü kuplajını azaltmak için C2 = 10 nF kondansatörünü entegre yakınına, Pin 5 ile GND arasına bağlayın.","warning",[64,83,90,99],{"name":65,"latexOrText":66,"description":67,"variables":68},"Yüksek Seviye Süresi (t_high)","t_{high} = \\ln(2) \\cdot (R_1 + R_2) \\cdot C_1 \\approx 0.693 \\cdot (R_1 + R_2) \\cdot C_1","C1 kondansatörünün 1\u002F3 VCC seviyesinden 2\u002F3 VCC seviyesine şarj olduğu ve Pin 3 çıkışının HIGH kaldığı süreyi saniye cinsinden hesaplar.",[69,74,78],{"symbol":70,"name":71,"typicalValue":72,"unit":73},"R_1","Üst şarj pull-up direnci","10","kΩ",{"symbol":75,"name":76,"typicalValue":77,"unit":73},"R_2","Deşarj direnci","47",{"symbol":79,"name":80,"typicalValue":81,"unit":82},"C_1","Zamanlama kondansatörü","100","nF",{"name":84,"latexOrText":85,"description":86,"variables":87},"Düşük Seviye Süresi (t_low)","t_{low} = \\ln(2) \\cdot R_2 \\cdot C_1 \\approx 0.693 \\cdot R_2 \\cdot C_1","C1 kondansatörünün R2 üzerinden Pin 7 içine boşaldığı ve Pin 3 çıkışının LOW kaldığı süreyi saniye cinsinden hesaplar.",[88,89],{"symbol":75,"name":76,"typicalValue":77,"unit":73},{"symbol":79,"name":80,"typicalValue":81,"unit":82},{"name":91,"latexOrText":92,"description":93,"variables":94},"Çıkış Frekansı","f = \\frac{1}{t_{high} + t_{low}} \\approx \\frac{1.44}{(R_1 + 2 R_2) \\cdot C_1}","Hertz (saniye başına döngü) cinsinden temel salınım frekansı.",[95,97,98],{"symbol":70,"name":96,"typicalValue":72,"unit":73},"Üst direnç",{"symbol":75,"name":76,"typicalValue":77,"unit":73},{"symbol":79,"name":80,"typicalValue":81,"unit":82},{"name":100,"latexOrText":101,"description":102,"variables":103},"Görev Döngüsü Yüzdesi","D = \\frac{t_{high}}{t_{high} + t_{low}} \\times 100\\% = \\frac{R_1 + R_2}{R_1 + 2 R_2} \\times 100\\%","HIGH süresinin toplam periyoda oranı. Standart topolojide görev döngüsü doğal olarak %50'den büyüktür.",[104,105],{"symbol":70,"name":96,"typicalValue":72,"unit":73},{"symbol":75,"name":76,"typicalValue":77,"unit":73},[107,116,123,128,135,142,149],{"refDes":108,"componentName":109,"value":110,"package":111,"quantity":112,"componentSlug":113,"role":114,"notes":115},"U1","NE555 Hassas Bipolar Zamanlayıcı Entegresi","NE555P","DIP-8",1,"ne555","Ana gevşemeli osilatör kontrolörü","DIP-8 kılıfta TI NE555P; diğer 555 varyantları besleme, çıkış akımı ve zamanlama açısından ayrıca kontrol edilmelidir.",{"refDes":117,"componentName":118,"value":119,"package":120,"quantity":112,"role":121,"notes":122},"R1","Metal Film Direnç 0.25 W (1\u002F4W)","10kΩ","Axial \u002F 0805","VCC şarj pull-up direnci","Pin 7 deşarj transistörünü korumak için ≥ 1kΩ tutulmalıdır",{"refDes":124,"componentName":118,"value":125,"package":120,"quantity":112,"role":126,"notes":127},"R2","47kΩ","Deşarj zamanlama direnci","±1% toleranslı hassas direnç önerilir",{"refDes":129,"componentName":130,"value":131,"package":132,"quantity":112,"role":133,"notes":134},"C1","Metalize Film veya Seramik Kondansatör","100nF","Radial \u002F 0805","Zamanlama salınım kondansatörü","Frekans kararlılığı için düşük kaymalı C0G\u002FNP0 veya MKT film kullanın",{"refDes":136,"componentName":137,"value":138,"package":139,"quantity":112,"role":140,"notes":141},"C2","Çok Katmanlı Seramik Kondansatör (MLCC)","10nF","0805 \u002F Radial","Pin 5 CONTROL gürültü filtreleme kondansatörü","50V gerilim değerinde X7R",{"refDes":143,"componentName":144,"value":145,"package":146,"quantity":112,"role":147,"notes":148},"C3","Alüminyum Elektrolitik Kondansatör","100µF","Radial Ø6.3mm","VCC besleme hattı ana filtre rezervuar kondansatörü","Gerilim değeri ≥ 25V, yük dalgalanmalarına karşı girişi kararlı kılar",{"refDes":150,"componentName":137,"value":131,"package":139,"quantity":112,"role":151,"notes":152},"C4","Yüksek frekans VCC besleme hattı dekuplaj kondansatörü","50V nominal gerilim, X7R dielektrik; 8 ve 1 numaralı pinlerin yakınına kısa bağlantılarla yerleştirin",{"U1":154,"R1":162,"R2":169,"C1":174,"C2":181,"C3":188,"C4":195},{"refDes":108,"name":155,"value":110,"role":156,"description":157,"componentSlug":113,"footprint":111,"specs":158},"NE555 Zamanlayıcı Entegresi","Hassas gevşemeli osilatör","İki karşılaştırıcı, dahili RS flip-flop, 200mA çıkış sürücüsü ve açık kolektör deşarj anahtarı içeren standart 8 bacaklı zamanlayıcı.",{"Besleme gerilimi":159,"Maksimum çıkış akımı":160,"Sükunet akımı":161,"Kılıf":111},"4.5V - 16V","200 mA","VCC = 5 V, çıkış LOW ve yüksüz durumda tipik 3 mA (TI §5.5)",{"refDes":117,"name":71,"value":119,"role":163,"description":164,"footprint":120,"specs":165},"Şarj zamanlama ağı","VCC hattını Pin 7'ye bağlar. R2 ile birlikte şarj akımını belirler ve deşarj anahtarı GND'ye kapandığında akımı sınırlar.",{"Direnç":166,"Tolerans":167,"Güç değeri":168},"10 kΩ","±1%","0.25 W",{"refDes":124,"name":76,"value":125,"role":170,"description":171,"footprint":120,"specs":172},"Deşarj zamanlama ağı","Pin 7'yi 2 ve 6 pinlerine bağlar. C1 deşarjı sırasındaki çıkış LOW süresini doğrudan belirler.",{"Direnç":173,"Tolerans":167,"Güç değeri":168},"47 kΩ",{"refDes":129,"name":80,"value":131,"role":175,"description":176,"footprint":139,"specs":177},"Osilatör yük rezervuarı","R1+R2 üzerinden 2\u002F3 VCC seviyesine dolar ve R2 üzerinden 1\u002F3 VCC seviyesine boşalarak frekansı belirler.",{"Kapasitans":178,"Dielektrik":179,"Anma gerilimi":180},"100 nF (0.1 µF)","C0G\u002FNP0 seramik \u002F MKT film","50 V",{"refDes":136,"name":182,"value":138,"role":183,"description":184,"footprint":185,"specs":186},"Kontrol dekuplaj kondansatörü","Gürültü dekuplajı","Pin 5 üzerindeki dahili 2\u002F3 VCC referans potansiyelini harici yüksek frekanslı gürültülere karşı kararlı kılar.","0805",{"Kapasitans":187,"Anma gerilimi":180},"10 nF (0.01 µF)",{"refDes":143,"name":189,"value":145,"role":190,"description":191,"footprint":146,"specs":192},"Besleme rezervuar kondansatörü","Besleme hattı rezervuarı","Besleme hattındaki gerilim çökmelerini sönümleyen ve pozitif hattı kararlı kılan düşük frekanslı elektrolitik filtre kondansatörü.",{"Kapasitans":193,"Anma gerilimi":194},"100 µF","25 V",{"refDes":150,"name":196,"value":131,"role":197,"description":198,"footprint":185,"specs":199},"Yüksek frekans dekuplaj kondansatörü","Yüksek frekans besleme baypası","VCC ile GND arasında yerel 100 nF seramik dekuplaj; Pin 8 ve Pin 1 yakınında kısa bağlantılar.",{"Kapasitans":178,"Dielektrik":200,"Anma gerilimi":180},"X7R Seramik",{"schemaVersion":202,"id":203,"meta":204,"components":210,"nets":309,"junctions":371,"netLabels":396,"wires":397},"1.5","doc-ne555-astable",{"title":19,"locale":205,"grid":206,"source":207},"tr",20,{"type":208,"ref":209,"url":17},"datasheet","Texas Instruments xx555 Precision Timers, SLFS022K, revised March 2026: §6.3.2, Figure 6-5 and equations 1–6 (p. 12); §5.5–5.6 (pp. 5–7); §7.3 (p. 18). Adaptation: R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = 47 kΩ, C1 = 100 nF, C2 = 10 nF, C3 = 100 µF, C4 = 100 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s.\nne555 monostabil gecikme zamanlayıcısı (tek atımlı)\nti ne555 veri sayfasındaki tek atımlı devre: start’a basın, çıkış bir direnç ve bir kondansatörün belirlediği sabit süre boyunca yüksek kalır; 100 kω ve 10 µf ile yaklaşık 1,1 s.\nne555 monostable delay timer (one-shot)\nthe one-shot circuit from the ti ne555 datasheet: press start and the output stays high for a fixed time set by one resistor and one capacitor, about 1.1 s with 100 kω and 10 µf.\ntiming_oscillators\nhassas zamanlayıcı\nne555p\nu1\ndirenç\n100kω\nr1\nalüminyum elektrolitik kondansatör\n10µf\nc1\nseramik kondansatör\n10nf\nc2\nseramik kondansatör\n100nf\nc3\ndirenç\n10kω\nr2\ndokunsal buton\nstart\nsw1",{"slug":624,"cluster":20,"tier":21,"supplyVoltage":625,"voltageSpecification":626,"signalDomain":629,"breadboardFriendly":630,"title":631,"shortDescription":632,"bomCount":633,"formulaCount":634,"search":635},"bjt-astable-multivibrator-led-flasher",[611],{"kind":614,"value":627,"label":628},"Eğitim gösterimi için 5,0 V DC nominal tasarım kabulü. Kollektör ve beyz dirençlerini kutuplamak için mavi LED ileri geriliminin (~3,3 V tip.) üzerinde yeterli pay gerektirir; ters beyz-emetör geçici gerilimleri transistörün mutlak maksimum sınırları içinde kalmalıdır (2N3904BU için VEBO = 6,0 V).","Nominal Çalışma Besleme Gerilimi","analog",false,"BJT Kararsız (Astable) Multivibratör LED Flaşörü","Entegre devre kullanmadan dönüşümlü LED'leri süren iki transistörlü çapraz bağlı ayrık gevşemeli osilatör.",10,3,"bjt kararsız (astable) multivibratör led flaşörü\nentegre devre kullanmadan dönüşümlü led'leri süren iki transistörlü çapraz bağlı ayrık gevşemeli osilatör.\nbjt kararsız (astable) multivibratör led flaşörü\nentegre devre kullanmadan dönüşümlü led'leri süren iki transistörlü çapraz bağlı ayrık gevşemeli osilatör.\nbjt astable multivibrator led flasher\ndiscrete two-transistor cross-coupled relaxation oscillator driving alternating leds without an integrated circuit.\ntiming_oscillators\nnpn bipolar jonksiyon transistörü\n2n3904bu\nq1\nnpn bipolar jonksiyon transistörü\n2n3904bu\nq2\nkarbon film direnç 1\u002F4w\n1kω\nr1\nkarbon film direnç 1\u002F4w\n47kω\nr2\nkarbon film direnç 1\u002F4w\n47kω\nr3\nkarbon film direnç 1\u002F4w\n1kω\nr4\nkutupsuz x7r çok katmanlı seramik kapasitör\n10µf\nc1\nkutupsuz x7r çok katmanlı seramik kapasitör\n10µf\nc2\nstandart 5 mm kırmızı gösterge led'i\nred\nd1\nstandart 5 mm mavi gösterge led'i\nblue\nd2",{"slug":637,"cluster":638,"tier":21,"supplyVoltage":639,"voltageSpecification":641,"signalDomain":617,"breadboardFriendly":14,"title":644,"shortDescription":645,"bomCount":620,"formulaCount":646,"search":647},"2n2222-relay-driver-flyback-protection","microcontroller_interfaces",[640,611,612],"3.3v",{"kind":614,"value":642,"label":643},"+12.0 V DC nominal (+10.8 V ila +13.2 V çalışma aralığı)","Röle Besleme Gerilimi (VLOAD)","1N4007 Sönümleme Diyotlu 2N2222 \u002F 2N2222A NPN BJT Röle Sürücüsü","3.3V\u002F5V MCU kontrolü için 1N4007 flyback sönümleme diyotu, beyz doyum sürmesi ve besleme dekuplajına sahip ayrık NPN transistörlü alçak taraf 12V röle sürücü devresi.",4,"1n4007 sönümleme diyotlu 2n2222 \u002F 2n2222a npn bjt röle sürücüsü\n3.3v\u002F5v mcu kontrolü için 1n4007 flyback sönümleme diyotu, beyz doyum sürmesi ve besleme dekuplajına sahip ayrık npn transistörlü alçak taraf 12v röle sürücü devresi.\n1n4007 sönümleme diyotlu 2n2222 \u002F 2n2222a npn bjt röle sürücüsü\n3.3v\u002F5v mcu kontrolü için 1n4007 flyback sönümleme diyotu, beyz doyum sürmesi ve besleme dekuplajına sahip ayrık npn transistörlü alçak taraf 12v röle sürücü devresi.\n2n2222 \u002F 2n2222a npn bjt relay driver with 1n4007 flyback clamping diode\ndiscrete npn bipolar junction transistor low-side relay driver circuit with 1n4007 flyback suppression diode, base saturation drive, and supply decoupling for 3.3v\u002F5v mcu control.\nmicrocontroller_interfaces\ngenel amaçlı npn bipolar transistör\n2n2222a\nq1\ngenel amaçlı doğrultucu \u002F sönümleme diyotu\n1n4007\nd1\nsubminyatür elektromekanik spdt röle\ng5v-1-dc12\nk1\nbeyz akım sınırlama direnci 1 kω\n1kω\nr1\nbeyz pull-down direnci 10 kω\n10kω\nr2\nyüksek frekanslı dekuplaj seramik mlcc\n100nf 50v\nc1\nalüminyum elektrolitik bara dekuplaj kondansatörü\n47µf 25v\nc2",1793836434109]