[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":486},["ShallowReactive",2],{"schematic:tl431-precision-shunt-reference:en":3},{"schematic":4,"title":19,"shortDescription":22,"proseSource":449,"localizationFallbackIssues":450,"related":451,"confirmations":450},{"schemaVersion":5,"governance":6,"slug":18,"title":19,"cluster":20,"tier":21,"shortDescription":22,"deepTechnicalOverview":23,"theoryOfOperation":24,"keySpecifications":25,"applications":47,"gotchas":51,"formulas":70,"bom":129,"interactiveElements":164,"circuitJson":191,"svg":442,"relatedSchematicSlugs":443,"relatedComponentSlugs":447,"relatedBoardSlugs":448},"1.0",{"publication":7,"verification":10,"provenance":15},{"status":8,"publishedDate":9},"published","2026-11-02",{"status":11,"verifiedDate":9,"verifiedBy":12,"checklist":13},"verified","Gemini (AI documentary, CAD and hardware-localization review against Texas Instruments SLVS543S; owner publication authorization; no bench, simulation, independent second review or native-speaker claim)",{"schema":14,"technicalFacts":14,"relationships":14,"sources":14},true,{"sourceUrls":16},[17],"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ti.com\u002Flit\u002Fds\u002Fsymlink\u002Ftl431.pdf","tl431-precision-shunt-reference","TL431 Precision Shunt Voltage Reference","power_supplies","Tier 1","Texas Instruments TL431 programmable precision shunt voltage reference circuit producing 5.0 V nominal from a 10 V rail with a 470 Ω bias resistor and 10 kΩ \u002F 10 kΩ divider.","This circuit implements the classic programmable shunt regulator from Texas Instruments datasheet SLVS543S Figure 9-3. The TL431 acts as a precision shunt reference maintaining 2.495 V at its REF terminal via an internal bandgap and operational error amplifier driving an open-collector NPN Darlington transistor. A precision resistive divider (R1 and R2) sets the nominal output voltage to 5.01 V (approx. 5.0 V). Series resistor R3 (470 Ω) drops the 10 V input supply, providing approximately 10.4 mA of cathode bias current to guarantee operation well above the 1.0 mA minimum cathode current requirement (Imin). Input capacitor C1 (100 nF) bypasses supply transients. Operating stability requires respecting the capacitive load boundary (TI Fig. 8-16), avoiding direct capacitive loading in the forbidden 10 nF to 3 µF range.","### 1. Supply and input bypass\nA nominal 10 V unregulated or pre-regulated DC supply is connected to input port P1. Ceramic capacitor C1 (100 nF, 50 V) provides high-frequency decoupling directly at the input to suppress rail noise and ripple.\n\n### 2. Series bias ballast\nResistor R3 (470 Ω, 1%, 1\u002F4 W) sits between the 10 V input and the 5.0 V regulated cathode node. With a 5.0 V drop across R3, the total current supplied is I_RS = (10 V - 5.0 V) \u002F 470 Ω ≈ 10.64 mA. This current splits between the feedback divider (≈ 0.25 mA), the TL431 cathode (≈ 10.39 mA), and any external load connected to P2.\n\n### 3. Voltage setting and reference feedback\nThe internal reference amplifier compares the voltage at pin 1 (REF) against the internal 2.495 V temperature-compensated bandgap reference. The output voltage is programmed by R1 and R2 according to V_O = V_ref * (1 + R1\u002FR2) + I_ref * R1. With R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = 10 kΩ, and I_ref ≈ 2 µA, the nominal output is 2.495 V * 2 + 20 mV = 5.01 V ≈ 5.0 V.\n\n### 4. Shunt regulation mechanism\nIf V_OUT rises slightly, V_REF exceeds 2.495 V, causing the internal amplifier to increase base drive to the output NPN transistor. The transistor shunts more cathode current to GND through pin 2 (ANODE), increasing the voltage drop across series resistor R3 and pulling V_OUT back down to the programmed setpoint. Conversely, if V_OUT drops, the transistor conducts less, restoring regulation.\n\n### 5. Loop stability and capacitive loading\nThe internal error amplifier has high open-loop gain and compensation designed for stable shunt regulation. However, as documented in TI SLVS543S Figure 8-16, connecting capacitive loads directly between Cathode and Anode within the range of 10 nF to 3 µF introduces an unfavorable pole-zero phase shift that degrades phase margin and causes oscillation. The circuit is fully stable with no load capacitor or with C_L ≥ 10 µF (with typical ESR damping).",[26,29,32,35,38,41,44],{"label":27,"value":28},"Input Operating Voltage","10 V nominal (operates from 8 V to 15 V with appropriate R3 sizing)",{"label":30,"value":31},"Regulated Output Voltage","≈ 5.01 V nominal calculation (2.495 V * 2 + 2 µA * 10 kΩ)",{"label":33,"value":34},"Reference Voltage (Vref)","2.495 V nominal; 2.440 V to 2.550 V standard grade (TI SLVS543S §6.5)",{"label":36,"value":37},"Cathode Bias Current (IK)","≈ 10.4 mA nominal at no load (safe operating range: 1.0 mA to 100 mA)",{"label":39,"value":40},"Feedback Divider Current","≈ 250 µA (Vref \u002F R2 = 2.495 V \u002F 10 kΩ)",{"label":42,"value":43},"Series Bias Resistor (R3)","470 Ω, 1%, 0.25 W (nominal dissipation ≈ 53 mW)",{"label":45,"value":46},"Dynamic Impedance (|ZKA|)","0.2 Ω typical, 0.5 Ω maximum (f \u003C 1 kHz)",[48,49,50],"Precision 5.0 V reference voltage for analog-to-digital converters (ADC)","Stable voltage reference for comparator and sensor threshold networks","Educational benchmark circuit for shunt regulation and bandgap feedback",[52,57,62,66],{"title":53,"trap":54,"solution":55,"severity":56},"Capacitive Load Instability & Boundary Oscillation","Connecting bypass capacitors directly across Cathode and Anode between 10 nF and 3 µF causes sustained high-frequency parasitic oscillation due to loss of phase margin (TI SLVS543S Figure 8-16).","Leave the output unbypassed (pure resistive divider) or use a bulk capacitor CL ≥ 10 µF with normal electrolytic ESR (0.5 to 2 Ω). If a ceramic capacitor is mandatory, add a 1 to 3 Ω series damping resistor.","critical",{"title":58,"trap":59,"solution":60,"severity":61},"Minimum Cathode Current Dropout","The internal bandgap and comparator circuits require a minimum cathode current Imin = 1.0 mA. If load current IL exceeds IRS - 1.0 mA, IK drops below 1.0 mA and regulation is completely lost.","Ensure R3 is sized so that under maximum load current and minimum input voltage, IRS - IL >= 1.5 mA. For loads exceeding 10 mA, use an external PNP pass transistor.","warning",{"title":63,"trap":64,"solution":65,"severity":61},"High-Value Divider Resistors and Bias Offset","Using high-value divider resistors (e.g. R1, R2 > 100 kΩ) to reduce divider current amplifies the error caused by the reference input current Iref (up to 4 µA) and its temperature drift.","Select R1 and R2 such that divider current is at least 100 times Iref (IDIV >= 200 µA). The chosen 10 kΩ resistors draw 250 µA, keeping Iref offset to just 20 mV.",{"title":67,"trap":68,"solution":69,"severity":61},"Series Resistor Power Dissipation under Fault","If the output is accidentally shorted to ground, the full 10 V supply drops across R3, increasing dissipation to (10 V)^2 \u002F 470 Ω = 213 mW.","Specify R3 with at least a 0.25 W (1\u002F4 W) power rating so it tolerates continuous output short circuits without thermal damage.",[71,94,111],{"name":72,"latexOrText":73,"description":74,"variables":75},"Programmed Output Voltage","V_O = V_{ref} \\cdot \\left(1 + \\frac{R_1}{R_2}\\right) + I_{ref} \\cdot R_1","Calculates the regulated output voltage based on the reference divider and input bias current.",[76,81,86,89],{"symbol":77,"name":78,"typicalValue":79,"unit":80},"V_{ref}","Internal reference voltage","2.495","V",{"symbol":82,"name":83,"typicalValue":84,"unit":85},"R_1","Upper divider resistor","10000","Ω",{"symbol":87,"name":88,"typicalValue":84,"unit":85},"R_2","Lower divider resistor",{"symbol":90,"name":91,"typicalValue":92,"unit":93},"I_{ref}","Reference input current","2e-6","A",{"name":95,"latexOrText":96,"description":97,"variables":98},"Series Bias Resistor Current","I_{RS} = \\frac{V_I - V_O}{R_3}","Total current delivered through the series ballast resistor to the shunt regulator and load.",[99,103,107],{"symbol":100,"name":101,"typicalValue":102,"unit":80},"V_I","Input supply voltage","10",{"symbol":104,"name":105,"typicalValue":106,"unit":80},"V_O","Regulated output voltage","5.01",{"symbol":108,"name":109,"typicalValue":110,"unit":85},"R_3","Series bias resistor","470",{"name":112,"latexOrText":113,"description":114,"variables":115},"Cathode Operating Current","I_K = I_{RS} - \\frac{V_{ref}}{R_2} - I_L","Current flowing through the TL431 cathode. Must remain >= 1.0 mA under all conditions.",[116,121,123,125],{"symbol":117,"name":118,"typicalValue":119,"unit":120},"I_{RS}","Ballast resistor current","10.64","mA",{"symbol":77,"name":122,"typicalValue":79,"unit":80},"Reference voltage",{"symbol":87,"name":88,"typicalValue":102,"unit":124},"kΩ",{"symbol":126,"name":127,"typicalValue":128,"unit":120},"I_L","External load current","0",[130,139,146,152,157],{"refDes":131,"componentName":132,"value":133,"package":134,"quantity":135,"componentSlug":136,"role":137,"notes":138},"U1","Precision Programmable Shunt Regulator","TL431LP","TO-92",1,"tl431","Shunt voltage regulator and error amplifier","Texas Instruments TL431LP, SLVS543S Rev. S; Pin 1 REF, Pin 2 ANODE, Pin 3 CATHODE.",{"refDes":140,"componentName":141,"value":142,"package":143,"quantity":135,"role":144,"notes":145},"R3","Series Bias Resistor","470Ω","Axial \u002F 0805","Limits input current and establishes cathode bias","Selected 470 Ω, 1%, 0.25 W. Dissipates ≈ 53 mW nominal at 10 V input.",{"refDes":147,"componentName":148,"value":149,"package":143,"quantity":135,"role":150,"notes":151},"R1","Upper Divider Resistor","10kΩ","Upper leg of output voltage setting divider","10 kΩ, 0.1% or 1%, 0.125 W. Sets nominal output ratio with R2.",{"refDes":153,"componentName":154,"value":149,"package":143,"quantity":135,"role":155,"notes":156},"R2","Lower Divider Resistor","Lower leg of output voltage setting divider","10 kΩ, 0.1% or 1%, 0.125 W. Senses Vref = 2.495 V to GND.",{"refDes":158,"componentName":159,"value":160,"package":161,"quantity":135,"role":162,"notes":163},"C1","Input Supply Bypass Capacitor","100nF","Radial \u002F 0805","Input supply transient decoupling","100 nF, 50 V ceramic X7R. Placed near P1 and R3 input node.",{"U1":165,"R3":173,"R1":178,"R2":183,"C1":186},{"refDes":131,"name":166,"value":133,"role":137,"description":167,"componentSlug":136,"footprint":134,"specs":168},"Texas Instruments TL431LP Shunt Regulator","Pin 1 REF, Pin 2 ANODE (to GND), Pin 3 CATHODE (to 5.0 V). Compares REF to internal 2.495 V bandgap and shunts current through cathode.",{"Reference Voltage":169,"Cathode Voltage Range":170,"Continuous Cathode Current":171,"Dynamic Impedance":172},"2.495 V nominal (2.440 V to 2.550 V)","2.495 V to 36 V","1.0 mA to 100 mA","0.2 Ω typ",{"refDes":140,"name":141,"value":142,"role":144,"description":174,"footprint":143,"specs":175},"Connected between +10 V supply and +5.0 V cathode node. Drops 5.0 V, delivering ≈ 10.64 mA total current.",{"Resistance":176,"Power Rating":177},"470 Ω, 1%","0.25 W (nominal dissipation ≈ 53 mW)",{"refDes":147,"name":148,"value":149,"role":150,"description":179,"footprint":143,"specs":180},"Connected between +5.0 V output and REF pin. Carries ≈ 250 µA divider current plus 2 µA Iref bias current.",{"Resistance":181,"Power Rating":182},"10 kΩ, 0.1% \u002F 1%","0.125 W",{"refDes":153,"name":154,"value":149,"role":155,"description":184,"footprint":143,"specs":185},"Connected between REF pin and GND. Sets Vref = 2.495 V across 10 kΩ, fixing divider current at 249.5 µA.",{"Resistance":181,"Power Rating":182},{"refDes":158,"name":159,"value":160,"role":162,"description":187,"footprint":161,"specs":188},"Decouples the 10 V input rail directly to GND. Suppresses high-frequency switching transients from upstream power supply.",{"Capacitance":189,"Voltage Rating":190},"100 nF (0.1 µF)","50 V X7R",{"schemaVersion":192,"id":18,"meta":193,"components":200,"nets":271,"junctions":309,"netLabels":326,"wires":327},"1.5",{"title":194,"locale":195,"grid":196,"source":197},"TL431 Precision Shunt Reference","en",20,{"type":198,"ref":199,"url":17},"datasheet","Texas Instruments SLVS543S (Rev. S, May 2024), Figure 9-3 \"Shunt Regulator Schematic\". CircuitBase choices: 10 V nominal input, 470 Ω bias resistor, 10 kΩ \u002F 10 kΩ 0.1% feedback divider for 5.0 V nominal reference output, 100 nF input bypass.",[201,210,218,227,234,239,243,250,256,263],{"id":202,"symbolId":203,"refDes":204,"position":205,"rotation":207,"properties":208},"input","port.power","P1",{"x":206,"y":206},80,0,{"value":209},"+10V",{"id":211,"symbolId":212,"refDes":158,"position":213,"rotation":216,"properties":217},"c1","capacitor.ceramic",{"x":214,"y":215},200,180,90,{"value":160},{"id":219,"symbolId":220,"refDes":221,"position":222,"rotation":207,"properties":225},"gnd1","gnd.port","GND1",{"x":223,"y":224},160,320,{"value":226},"GND",{"id":228,"symbolId":229,"refDes":140,"position":230,"rotation":207,"properties":233},"r_bias","resistor.iec",{"x":231,"y":232},280,100,{"value":142},{"id":235,"symbolId":229,"refDes":147,"position":236,"rotation":216,"properties":238},"r1",{"x":237,"y":223},480,{"value":149},{"id":240,"symbolId":229,"refDes":153,"position":241,"rotation":216,"properties":242},"r2",{"x":237,"y":231},{"value":149},{"id":244,"symbolId":220,"refDes":245,"position":246,"rotation":207,"properties":249},"gnd2","GND2",{"x":247,"y":248},440,420,{"value":226},{"id":251,"symbolId":252,"refDes":131,"position":253,"rotation":207,"properties":255},"u1","ic.linear.tl431",{"x":254,"y":214},560,{"value":133},{"id":257,"symbolId":220,"refDes":258,"position":259,"rotation":207,"properties":262},"gnd3","GND3",{"x":260,"y":261},600,380,{"value":226},{"id":264,"symbolId":265,"refDes":266,"position":267,"rotation":207,"properties":269},"output","port.output","P2",{"x":268,"y":232},740,{"value":270},"+5.0V",[272,281,291,299],{"id":273,"name":209,"class":274,"pins":275},"vin","power",[276,278,280],{"component":202,"pin":277},"out",{"component":211,"pin":279},"1",{"component":228,"pin":279},{"id":282,"name":270,"class":274,"pins":283},"vout",[284,286,287,289],{"component":228,"pin":285},"2",{"component":235,"pin":279},{"component":251,"pin":288},"3",{"component":264,"pin":290},"in",{"id":292,"name":293,"class":294,"pins":295},"vref","REF","signal",[296,297,298],{"component":235,"pin":285},{"component":240,"pin":279},{"component":251,"pin":279},{"id":300,"name":226,"class":301,"pins":302},"gnd","ground",[303,304,305,306,307,308],{"component":211,"pin":285},{"component":219,"pin":290},{"component":240,"pin":285},{"component":244,"pin":290},{"component":251,"pin":285},{"component":257,"pin":290},[310,314,318,322],{"id":311,"netId":273,"position":312},"j-vin",{"x":215,"y":313},120,{"id":315,"netId":282,"position":316},"j-vout-1",{"x":317,"y":313},460,{"id":319,"netId":282,"position":320},"j-vout-2",{"x":321,"y":313},620,{"id":323,"netId":292,"position":324},"j-ref",{"x":317,"y":325},260,[],[328,336,344,352,360,369,377,385,393,401,410,418,426,434],{"id":329,"netId":273,"endpoints":330,"path":333},"w-vin-source",[331,332],{"component":202,"pin":277},{"junctionId":311},[334,335],{"x":232,"y":313},{"x":215,"y":313},{"id":337,"netId":273,"endpoints":338,"path":341},"w-vin-bypass",[339,340],{"junctionId":311},{"component":211,"pin":279},[342,343],{"x":215,"y":313},{"x":215,"y":215},{"id":345,"netId":273,"endpoints":346,"path":349},"w-vin-rs",[347,348],{"junctionId":311},{"component":228,"pin":279},[350,351],{"x":215,"y":313},{"x":231,"y":313},{"id":353,"netId":300,"endpoints":354,"path":357},"w-c1-gnd",[355,356],{"component":211,"pin":285},{"component":219,"pin":290},[358,359],{"x":215,"y":325},{"x":215,"y":224},{"id":361,"netId":282,"endpoints":362,"path":365},"w-vout-r3",[363,364],{"component":228,"pin":285},{"junctionId":315},[366,368],{"x":367,"y":313},360,{"x":317,"y":313},{"id":370,"netId":282,"endpoints":371,"path":374},"w-vout-div",[372,373],{"junctionId":315},{"component":235,"pin":279},[375,376],{"x":317,"y":313},{"x":317,"y":223},{"id":378,"netId":282,"endpoints":379,"path":382},"w-vout-segment",[380,381],{"junctionId":315},{"junctionId":319},[383,384],{"x":317,"y":313},{"x":321,"y":313},{"id":386,"netId":282,"endpoints":387,"path":390},"w-vout-k",[388,389],{"junctionId":319},{"component":251,"pin":288},[391,392],{"x":321,"y":313},{"x":321,"y":214},{"id":394,"netId":282,"endpoints":395,"path":398},"w-vout-out",[396,397],{"junctionId":319},{"component":264,"pin":290},[399,400],{"x":321,"y":313},{"x":268,"y":313},{"id":402,"netId":292,"endpoints":403,"path":406},"w-vref-r1",[404,405],{"component":235,"pin":285},{"junctionId":323},[407,409],{"x":317,"y":408},240,{"x":317,"y":325},{"id":411,"netId":292,"endpoints":412,"path":415},"w-vref-r2",[413,414],{"junctionId":323},{"component":240,"pin":279},[416,417],{"x":317,"y":325},{"x":317,"y":231},{"id":419,"netId":292,"endpoints":420,"path":423},"w-vref-u1",[421,422],{"junctionId":323},{"component":251,"pin":279},[424,425],{"x":317,"y":325},{"x":254,"y":325},{"id":427,"netId":300,"endpoints":428,"path":431},"w-r2-gnd",[429,430],{"component":240,"pin":285},{"component":244,"pin":290},[432,433],{"x":317,"y":367},{"x":317,"y":248},{"id":435,"netId":300,"endpoints":436,"path":439},"w-u1-anode-gnd",[437,438],{"component":251,"pin":285},{"component":257,"pin":290},[440,441],{"x":321,"y":224},{"x":321,"y":261},"\u003Csvg 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font-size=\"11\">+5.0V\u003C\u002Ftext>\u003C\u002Fsvg>",[444,445,446],"lm317-adjustable-linear-regulator","lm7805-5v-linear-regulator-standard-decoupling","lm317-constant-current-source",[136],[],"canonical",null,[452,464,476],{"slug":453,"cluster":20,"tier":454,"supplyVoltage":455,"voltageSpecification":457,"signalDomain":274,"breadboardFriendly":14,"title":459,"shortDescription":460,"bomCount":461,"formulaCount":462,"search":463},"dual-rail-7815-7915-split-power-supply","Tier 2",[456],"dual_rail",{"kind":264,"value":458,"label":30},"+15 V and −15 V, tracking; up to 1 A (TI Figure 8)","±15 V Tracking Dual Supply (LM7815 \u002F LM7915)","The ±15 V, 1 A tracking regulator from the TI LM79xx datasheet: an LM7915 trimmed to exactly −15 V and an LM7815 whose ground pin is driven by an LM307 op-amp, so the positive rail mirrors the negative one.",14,3,"±15 v tracking dual supply (lm7815 \u002F lm7915)\nthe ±15 v, 1 a tracking regulator from the ti lm79xx datasheet: an lm7915 trimmed to exactly −15 v and an lm7815 whose ground pin is driven by an lm307 op-amp, so the positive rail mirrors the negative one.\n±15 v tracking dual supply (lm7815 \u002F lm7915)\nthe ±15 v, 1 a tracking regulator from the ti lm79xx datasheet: an lm7915 trimmed to exactly −15 v and an lm7815 whose ground pin is driven by an lm307 op-amp, so the positive rail mirrors the negative one.\n±15 v tracking dual supply (lm7815 \u002F lm7915)\nthe ±15 v, 1 a tracking regulator from the ti lm79xx datasheet: an lm7915 trimmed to exactly −15 v and an lm7815 whose ground pin is driven by an lm307 op-amp, so the positive rail mirrors the negative one.\npower_supplies\npositive voltage regulator\nlm7815\nu1\nnegative voltage regulator\nlm7915\nu2\noperational amplifier\nlm307\nu3\nresistor\n50ω\nr1\nresistor\n1kω\nr2\ntrimmer potentiometer\n5kω\nr3\nprecision resistor\n10kω 1%\nr4\nprecision resistor\n10kω 1%\nr5\naluminium electrolytic capacitor\n25µf\nc1\naluminium electrolytic capacitor\n25µf\nc2\naluminium electrolytic capacitor\n25µf\nc4\naluminium electrolytic capacitor\n25µf\nc5\nrectifier diode\n1n4001\nd1\nrectifier diode\n1n4001\nd2",{"slug":465,"cluster":20,"tier":21,"supplyVoltage":466,"voltageSpecification":469,"signalDomain":274,"breadboardFriendly":14,"title":471,"shortDescription":472,"bomCount":473,"formulaCount":474,"search":475},"lm2596-step-down-buck-converter",[467,468,456],"5v","12v",{"kind":264,"value":470,"label":30},"5.0V DC (±4% full line, load, temp: 4.80V to 5.20V)","LM2596 Step-Down Buck Converter (5V \u002F 3A)","High-efficiency 150-kHz step-down switching regulator delivering a regulated 5V output at up to 3A continuous load from a 7V–40V DC supply with minimal external components.",7,4,"lm2596 step-down buck converter (5v \u002F 3a)\nhigh-efficiency 150-khz step-down switching regulator delivering a regulated 5v output at up to 3a continuous load from a 7v–40v dc supply with minimal external components.\nlm2596 step-down buck converter (5v \u002F 3a)\nhigh-efficiency 150-khz step-down switching regulator delivering a regulated 5v output at up to 3a continuous load from a 7v–40v dc supply with minimal external components.\nlm2596 step-down buck converter (5v \u002F 3a)\nhigh-efficiency 150-khz step-down switching regulator delivering a regulated 5v output at up to 3a continuous load from a 7v–40v dc supply with minimal external components.\npower_supplies\ntexas instruments lm2596-5.0\nlm2596t-5.0\nu1\non semiconductor schottky barrier rectifier\n1n5822\nd1\npulse electronics toroidal power inductor\n33µh \u002F 3.5a\nl1\nnichicon low-esr input electrolytic capacitor\n680µf \u002F 50v\nc1\nnichicon low-esr output electrolytic capacitor\n220µf \u002F 25v\nc2\ndc power input port\n+12v dc (7v–40v)\np_vin\ndc power output port\n+5.0v dc (up to 3a)\np_vout",{"slug":444,"cluster":20,"tier":21,"supplyVoltage":477,"voltageSpecification":479,"signalDomain":274,"breadboardFriendly":14,"title":482,"shortDescription":483,"bomCount":484,"formulaCount":462,"search":485},[467,468,478],"24v",{"kind":264,"value":480,"label":481},"1.25–9V respects recommended 3V headroom with nominal 12V input; regulation also requires the specified load, temperature and power conditions","Calculated nominal setpoints","LM317 Adjustable Positive Linear Voltage Regulator","Adjustable DC voltage reference circuit using TI LM317KCS and nominal 12V input. Calculated setpoints up to 9V respect the recommended 3V headroom; usable current requires a load and thermal budget.",6,"lm317 adjustable positive linear voltage regulator\nadjustable dc voltage reference circuit using ti lm317kcs and nominal 12v input. calculated setpoints up to 9v respect the recommended 3v headroom; usable current requires a load and thermal budget.\nlm317 adjustable positive linear voltage regulator\nadjustable dc voltage reference circuit using ti lm317kcs and nominal 12v input. calculated setpoints up to 9v respect the recommended 3v headroom; usable current requires a load and thermal budget.\nlm317 adjustable positive linear voltage regulator\nadjustable dc voltage reference circuit using ti lm317kcs and nominal 12v input. calculated setpoints up to 9v respect the recommended 3v headroom; usable current requires a load and thermal budget.\npower_supplies\nadjustable positive linear voltage regulator\nlm317kcs\nu1\nprecision metal film resistor 1\u002F4w\n240ω\nr1\ncermet linear potentiometer \u002F trimmer\n5kω\nr2\nmultilayer ceramic capacitor (mlcc)\n0.1µf\nc1\naluminum electrolytic capacitor\n10µf\nc2\nstandard silicon rectifier diode\n1n4007\nd1",1793836434912]