[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":637},["ShallowReactive",2],{"schematic:ne555-monostable-delay-timer:en":3},{"schematic":4,"title":19,"shortDescription":22,"proseSource":596,"localizationFallbackIssues":597,"related":598,"confirmations":597},{"schemaVersion":5,"governance":6,"slug":18,"title":19,"cluster":20,"tier":21,"shortDescription":22,"deepTechnicalOverview":23,"theoryOfOperation":24,"keySpecifications":25,"applications":47,"gotchas":52,"formulas":71,"bom":105,"interactiveElements":148,"circuitJson":197,"svg":591,"relatedSchematicSlugs":592,"relatedComponentSlugs":594,"relatedBoardSlugs":595},"1.0",{"publication":7,"verification":10,"provenance":15},{"status":8,"publishedDate":9},"published","2026-10-23",{"status":11,"verifiedDate":9,"verifiedBy":12,"checklist":13},"verified","Claude (documentary review against TI SLFS022K Figure 6-2 and §5–§7; CAD redraw; LLM localization review; owner publication GO; no bench or native-human claim)",{"schema":14,"technicalFacts":14,"relationships":14,"sources":14},true,{"sourceUrls":16},[17],"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ti.com\u002Flit\u002Fds\u002Fsymlink\u002Fne555.pdf","ne555-monostable-delay-timer","NE555 Monostable Delay Timer (One-Shot)","timing_oscillators","Tier 1","The one-shot circuit from the TI NE555 datasheet: press START and the output stays high for a fixed time set by one resistor and one capacitor, about 1.1 s with 100 kΩ and 10 µF.","This is Figure 6-2 of the Texas Instruments 555 timer datasheet (SLFS022K), the monostable or one-shot mode. A short low pulse on the trigger input starts a single output pulse whose length depends only on R1 and C1: tw = 1.1 × RA × C. Because the trigger and threshold levels are both fixed fractions of the supply, the pulse length does not change with the supply voltage as long as the supply stays constant during the pulse. TI draws a bare input line; here a START button with a 10 kΩ pull-up drives it, and the values RA = 100 kΩ and C = 10 µF give a pulse of about 1.1 s. A 10 nF capacitor on CONT and a 100 nF supply bypass complete the circuit, the latter as TI recommends in its power-supply section.","### 1. Waiting state\nBetween pulses OUT (pin 3) is low and the discharge transistor on DISCH (pin 7) is on, holding C1 near 0 V. R2 keeps TRIG (pin 2) at VCC. RESET (pin 4) is tied to VCC, because a low RESET overrides everything else.\n\n### 2. Trigger\nPressing START pulls TRIG below the trigger level, one third of VCC (1.67 V typical at VCC = 5 V). The internal flip-flop sets: OUT goes high and the discharge transistor turns off, so C1 is free to charge.\n\n### 3. Timing\nC1 charges through R1 toward VCC:\n$$V_C(t) = V_{CC}\\left(1 - e^{-t\u002F(R_A C)}\\right)$$\nThe pulse ends when V_C reaches the threshold of two thirds of VCC, which happens after ln 3 ≈ 1.1 time constants:\n$$t_w = R_A C \\ln 3 \\approx 1.1 \\cdot R_A C = 1.1 \\cdot 100\\text{ k}\\Omega \\cdot 10\\,\\mu\\text{F} = 1.1\\text{ s}$$\nBoth levels scale with VCC, so the pulse length does not depend on the supply voltage while it stays constant. TI gives a supply sensitivity of 0.1 %\u002FV typical for this mode.\n\n### 4. End of the pulse\nAt the threshold the flip-flop resets: OUT goes low and the discharge transistor turns on and empties C1, ready for the next trigger. TI notes that the sequence ends only if TRIG has been high for at least 10 µs before the end of the interval; if START is still held, OUT stays high until it is released.\n\n### 5. Output\nOUT can source or sink up to 200 mA, enough for an LED with a series resistor, a small relay through a flyback diode, or a logic input.",[26,29,32,35,38,41,44],{"label":27,"value":28},"Operating Supply Voltage","4.5 V – 16 V (TI §7.3)",{"label":30,"value":31},"Pulse Length","tw = 1.1 × RA × C ≈ 1.1 s with 100 kΩ and 10 µF (calculated)",{"label":33,"value":34},"Trigger Level","1\u002F3 VCC; 1.67 V typical at VCC = 5 V (TI §5.5)",{"label":36,"value":37},"Threshold Level","2\u002F3 VCC; 3.3 V typical at VCC = 5 V (TI §5.5)",{"label":39,"value":40},"Supply Sensitivity of Timing","0.1 %\u002FV typical, 0.5 %\u002FV maximum, monostable (TI §5.6)",{"label":42,"value":43},"Temperature Coefficient of Timing","50 ppm\u002F°C typical, monostable (TI §5.6)",{"label":45,"value":46},"Output Current","±200 mA recommended (TI §5.3)",[48,49,50,51],"Delay-off timers for lights and fans","Debouncing a switch into one clean pulse","Missing-pulse and timeout detection","Fixed-length pulses for relays, buzzers and logic",[53,58,62,67],{"title":54,"trap":55,"solution":56,"severity":57},"Holding the Button Stretches the Pulse","The pulse ends only if TRIG has been high for at least 10 µs before the timing interval runs out. If START is held longer than tw, OUT stays high until it is released.","Keep the trigger shorter than the pulse. Where the input can stay low, couple it through a small capacitor so that only its falling edge reaches TRIG.","warning",{"title":59,"trap":60,"solution":61,"severity":57},"Electrolytic Leakage with a Large RA","Near the threshold only (VCC − 2\u002F3 VCC)\u002FRA flows into C1, about 17 µA with 100 kΩ at 5 V (calculated). An electrolytic with high leakage takes a noticeable part of that current, lengthens the pulse, and with a very large RA may never reach the threshold.","Keep RA within the 2 kΩ – 100 kΩ range TI uses for its timing specifications and make the time longer with C, using a low-leakage capacitor; use film capacitors for short, accurate pulses.",{"title":63,"trap":64,"solution":65,"severity":66},"Floating CONT Pin","CONT carries the internal threshold. Left open, noise coupled into it moves the threshold and makes the pulse length jitter.","Bypass CONT to ground with a small capacitor (10 nF here), as TI draws in Figure 6-2.","info",{"title":68,"trap":69,"solution":70,"severity":66},"RESET Left Unconnected","RESET is active low and overrides the trigger. Left floating it can pick up noise and end or block pulses.","Tie RESET to VCC as drawn, or drive it from logic if the pulse must be cancelled.",[72,91],{"name":30,"latexOrText":73,"description":74,"variables":75},"t_w = 1.1 \\cdot R_A \\cdot C","Duration of the output pulse (TI §6.3.1).",[76,81,86],{"symbol":77,"name":78,"typicalValue":79,"unit":80},"R_A","Timing resistor","100","kΩ",{"symbol":82,"name":83,"typicalValue":84,"unit":85},"C","Timing capacitor","10","µF",{"symbol":87,"name":88,"typicalValue":89,"unit":90},"t_w","Pulse length (calculated)","1.1","s",{"name":92,"latexOrText":93,"description":94,"variables":95},"Capacitor Voltage During the Pulse","V_C(t) = V_{CC}\\left(1 - e^{-t\u002F(R_A C)}\\right)","C1 charges toward VCC; the pulse ends when V_C reaches 2\u002F3 VCC, at t = ln 3 · RA·C.",[96,101],{"symbol":97,"name":98,"typicalValue":99,"unit":100},"V_{CC}","Supply voltage","5","V",{"symbol":102,"name":103,"typicalValue":104,"unit":90},"R_A C","Time constant","1",[106,115,121,127,133,138,142],{"refDes":107,"componentName":108,"value":109,"package":110,"quantity":111,"componentSlug":112,"role":113,"notes":114},"U1","Precision Timer","NE555P","PDIP-8",1,"ne555","Monostable timer","TI NE555P; other 555 variants need their own supply and output checks.",{"refDes":116,"componentName":117,"value":118,"package":119,"quantity":111,"role":120},"R1","Resistor","100kΩ","Axial 1\u002F4 W","Timing resistor RA",{"refDes":122,"componentName":123,"value":124,"package":125,"quantity":111,"role":83,"notes":126},"C1","Aluminium Electrolytic Capacitor","10µF","Radial","Low-leakage type; + to THRES\u002FDISCH; voltage rating above VCC.",{"refDes":128,"componentName":129,"value":130,"package":131,"quantity":111,"role":132},"C2","Ceramic Capacitor","10nF","0805 \u002F radial","CONT bypass",{"refDes":134,"componentName":129,"value":135,"package":131,"quantity":111,"role":136,"notes":137},"C3","100nF","Supply bypass","Close to pins 8 and 1.",{"refDes":139,"componentName":117,"value":140,"package":119,"quantity":111,"role":141},"R2","10kΩ","Trigger pull-up",{"refDes":143,"componentName":144,"value":145,"package":146,"quantity":111,"role":147},"SW1","Tactile Switch","START","SMD \u002F THT","Trigger",{"U1":149,"R1":155,"C1":162,"C2":171,"C3":178,"R2":184,"SW1":190},{"refDes":107,"name":150,"value":109,"role":113,"description":151,"componentSlug":112,"footprint":110,"specs":152},"NE555 Timer","A falling edge on TRIG (pin 2) below one third of VCC sets the internal flip-flop: OUT (pin 3) goes high and the discharge transistor on DISCH (pin 7) turns off, so C1 starts charging through R1. When C1 reaches two thirds of VCC at THRES (pin 6), the flip-flop resets, OUT goes low and DISCH empties C1 for the next cycle. RESET (pin 4) is tied to VCC so it never interrupts the timing.",{"Supply Voltage":28,"Output Current":46,"TRIG Level at VCC = 5 V":153,"THRES Level at VCC = 5 V":154},"1.67 V typical (1.1 V – 2.2 V)","3.3 V typical (2.4 V – 4.2 V)",{"refDes":116,"name":156,"value":118,"role":157,"description":158,"footprint":119,"specs":159},"Timing Resistor RA","Charges C1 and sets the pulse length","Charges C1 from VCC during the pulse. With C1 it sets tw = 1.1 × RA × C. TI specifies the timer with RA from 2 kΩ to 100 kΩ; larger values work, but capacitor leakage and the THRES input current then add error.",{"Resistance":160,"TI Test Range":161},"100 kΩ","2 kΩ – 100 kΩ (SLFS022K §5.6 note 2)",{"refDes":122,"name":163,"value":124,"role":164,"description":165,"footprint":166,"specs":167},"Timing Capacitor C","Stores the timing charge","Charges through R1 while OUT is high and is discharged through pin 7 at the end of the pulse. Its positive terminal faces the THRES\u002FDISCH node. With R1 = 100 kΩ it gives a pulse of about 1.1 s (calculated).","Radial electrolytic",{"Capacitance":168,"Polarity":169,"Pulse Length":170},"10 µF","+ to THRES\u002FDISCH","≈ 1.1 s with R1 = 100 kΩ (calculated)",{"refDes":128,"name":172,"value":130,"role":173,"description":174,"footprint":175,"specs":176},"Control Voltage Bypass","Filters the CONT pin","From CONT (pin 5) to ground. CONT carries the internal 2\u002F3 VCC threshold; TI draws a capacitor here so that supply noise does not shift the threshold and the pulse length.","Ceramic 0805 \u002F radial",{"Capacitance":177},"10 nF (value chosen; TI Figure 6-2 shows the capacitor without a value)",{"refDes":134,"name":179,"value":135,"role":180,"description":181,"footprint":175,"specs":182},"Supply Bypass Capacitor","Decouples VCC","From VCC to ground close to the timer. TI recommends a bypass capacitor from VCC to the ground pin and states that a 0.1 µF ceramic is sufficient.",{"Capacitance":183},"0.1 µF ceramic (TI §7.3)",{"refDes":139,"name":185,"value":140,"role":186,"description":187,"footprint":119,"specs":188},"Trigger Pull-Up","Holds TRIG high between pulses","Keeps TRIG at VCC while the button is released, so the timer is only started by a press. Not part of TI Figure 6-2, which shows a driven input instead.",{"Resistance":189},"10 kΩ",{"refDes":143,"name":191,"value":145,"role":192,"description":193,"footprint":194,"specs":195},"START Button","Trigger input","Pulls TRIG to ground while pressed and starts a pulse. Any open-collector or logic output that pulls TRIG below one third of VCC can replace it.","Tactile switch",{"Function":196},"TRIG to GND while pressed",{"schemaVersion":198,"id":199,"meta":200,"components":207,"nets":301,"junctions":361,"netLabels":387,"wires":388},"1.5","ne555_monostable",{"title":201,"locale":202,"grid":203,"source":204},"NE555 Monostable Delay Timer","en",20,{"type":205,"ref":206,"url":17},"datasheet","Texas Instruments xx555 Precision Timers, SLFS022K, revised March 2026: §6.3.1 Figure 6-2 \"Circuit for Monostable Operation\" (p. 11) and tw = 1.1 × RA × C; §5.5–5.6 (pp. 5–7); §7.3 (p. 18). Adaptation: RA = 100 kΩ, C = 10 µF, CONT bypass 10 nF, supply bypass 100 nF (§7.3), START push button with 10 kΩ pull-up as the trigger 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astable square wave generator\nindustry-standard relaxation oscillator generating precision clock pulses, audio tones, and variable-frequency square waves.\nne555 astable square wave generator\nstandard astable relaxation oscillator topology outputting continuous square wave clock pulses with adjustable duty cycle.\nne555 astable square wave generator\nindustry-standard relaxation oscillator generating precision clock pulses, audio tones, and variable-frequency square waves.\ntiming_oscillators\nprecision bipolar timer ic\nne555p\nu1\nmetal film resistor 1\u002F4w\n10kω\nr1\nmetal film resistor 1\u002F4w\n47kω\nr2\nmetalized film \u002F ceramic capacitor\n100nf\nc1\nmultilayer ceramic capacitor (mlcc)\n10nf\nc2\naluminum electrolytic capacitor\n100µf\nc3\nmultilayer ceramic capacitor (mlcc)\n100nf\nc4",{"slug":613,"cluster":20,"tier":21,"supplyVoltage":614,"voltageSpecification":615,"signalDomain":618,"breadboardFriendly":619,"title":620,"shortDescription":621,"bomCount":622,"formulaCount":623,"search":624},"bjt-astable-multivibrator-led-flasher",[601],{"kind":604,"value":616,"label":617},"5.0 V DC nominal design assumption for educational demonstration. Requires sufficient headroom above the blue LED forward voltage (~3.3 V typ) to bias collector and base resistors; reverse base-emitter transients must remain within the transistor's absolute maximum rating (VEBO = 6.0 V for 2N3904BU).","Nominal Operating Supply Voltage","analog",false,"BJT Astable Multivibrator & Dual LED Flasher","Discrete two-transistor cross-coupled relaxation oscillator driving alternating LEDs without an integrated circuit.",10,3,"bjt astable multivibrator led flasher\ndiscrete two-transistor cross-coupled relaxation oscillator driving alternating leds without an integrated circuit.\nbjt astable multivibrator & dual led flasher\ndiscrete two-transistor cross-coupled relaxation oscillator driving alternating leds without an integrated circuit.\nbjt astable multivibrator led flasher\ndiscrete two-transistor cross-coupled relaxation oscillator driving alternating leds without an integrated circuit.\ntiming_oscillators\nnpn bipolar junction transistor\n2n3904bu\nq1\nnpn bipolar junction transistor\n2n3904bu\nq2\ncarbon film resistor 1\u002F4w\n1kω\nr1\ncarbon film resistor 1\u002F4w\n47kω\nr2\ncarbon film resistor 1\u002F4w\n47kω\nr3\ncarbon film resistor 1\u002F4w\n1kω\nr4\nnonpolar x7r multilayer ceramic capacitor\n10µf\nc1\nnonpolar x7r multilayer ceramic capacitor\n10µf\nc2\nstandard 5mm red indicator led\nred\nd1\nstandard 5mm blue indicator led\nblue\nd2",{"slug":626,"cluster":627,"tier":21,"supplyVoltage":628,"voltageSpecification":630,"signalDomain":633,"breadboardFriendly":14,"title":634,"shortDescription":635,"bomCount":609,"formulaCount":610,"search":636},"2n2222-relay-driver-flyback-protection","microcontroller_interfaces",[629,601,602],"3.3v",{"kind":604,"value":631,"label":632},"+12.0 V DC nominal (+10.8 V to +13.2 V operating range)","Relay Supply Voltage (VLOAD)","digital","2N2222 \u002F 2N2222A NPN BJT Relay Driver with 1N4007 Flyback Clamping Diode","Discrete NPN bipolar junction transistor low-side relay driver circuit with 1N4007 flyback suppression diode, base saturation drive, and supply decoupling for 3.3V\u002F5V MCU control.","2n2222 \u002F 2n2222a npn bjt relay driver with 1n4007 flyback clamping diode\ndiscrete npn bipolar junction transistor low-side relay driver circuit with 1n4007 flyback suppression diode, base saturation drive, and supply decoupling for 3.3v\u002F5v mcu control.\n2n2222 \u002F 2n2222a npn bjt relay driver with 1n4007 flyback clamping diode\ndiscrete npn bipolar junction transistor low-side relay driver circuit with 1n4007 flyback suppression diode, base saturation drive, and supply decoupling for 3.3v\u002F5v mcu control.\n2n2222 \u002F 2n2222a npn bjt relay driver with 1n4007 flyback clamping diode\ndiscrete npn bipolar junction transistor low-side relay driver circuit with 1n4007 flyback suppression diode, base saturation drive, and supply decoupling for 3.3v\u002F5v mcu control.\nmicrocontroller_interfaces\nnpn general purpose bipolar transistor\n2n2222a\nq1\ngeneral purpose rectifier \u002F clamp diode\n1n4007\nd1\nsubminiature spdt signal \u002F power relay\ng5v-1-dc12\nk1\nbase current-limiting resistor 1 kω\n1kω\nr1\nbase pull-down bleeder resistor 10 kω\n10kω\nr2\nhigh-frequency ceramic decoupling mlcc\n100nf 50v\nc1\nbulk aluminum electrolytic decoupling\n47µf 25v\nc2",1793836434279]