[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":365},["ShallowReactive",2],{"schematic:lm317-constant-current-source:en":3},{"schematic":4,"title":19,"shortDescription":22,"proseSource":327,"localizationFallbackIssues":328,"related":329,"confirmations":328},{"schemaVersion":5,"governance":6,"slug":18,"title":19,"cluster":20,"tier":21,"shortDescription":22,"deepTechnicalOverview":23,"theoryOfOperation":24,"keySpecifications":25,"applications":47,"gotchas":50,"formulas":68,"bom":116,"interactiveElements":140,"circuitJson":155,"svg":322,"relatedSchematicSlugs":323,"relatedComponentSlugs":325,"relatedBoardSlugs":326},"1.0",{"publication":7,"verification":10,"provenance":15},{"status":8,"publishedDate":9},"published","2026-10-25",{"status":11,"verifiedDate":9,"verifiedBy":12,"checklist":13},"verified","Codex (AI documentary, CAD and hardware-localization review against ST DS0433; owner publication authorization; no bench, simulation, independent second review or native-speaker claim)",{"schema":14,"technicalFacts":14,"relationships":14,"sources":14},true,{"sourceUrls":16},[17],"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.st.com\u002Fresource\u002Fen\u002Fdatasheet\u002Flm217.pdf","lm317-constant-current-source","LM317 Constant Current Source","power_supplies","Tier 1","ST LM317T current regulator with a 12.4 Ω sense resistor for about 100 mA, 12 V nominal input and an input bypass capacitor. The external load connects between IOUT and GND.","The circuit redraws ST DS0433 Figure 9: R1 sits between OUT and the load, and ADJ senses the load side of R1. The regulator maintains about 1.25 V across R1. Its current and the small ADJ current flow into the load. The selected 12.4 Ω, 1% resistor gives about 100.9 mA nominal, not a guaranteed 1% current. The 12 V source, 0.5 W resistor and 100 nF input bypass are explicit design choices. The load is external. Regulation needs voltage headroom and adequate cooling; this is neither a complete battery charger nor a guaranteed precision LED driver.","### 1. Supply and bypass\nApply the selected 12 V supply to IN and connect the load return to GND. C1 is a 100 nF input bypass following ST §6; keep it near the IC. Figure 9 itself has no capacitor.\n\n### 2. Current sensing\nOUT feeds R1, then IOUT. ADJ connects to IOUT, not GND. This closes the feedback around R1 and holds about 1.25 V across it. The tab is OUT, upstream of R1.\n\n### 3. Setpoint and error\nWith R1 = 12.4 Ω and nominal IADJ = 50 µA, the calculated load current is about 100.9 mA. ST Table 4 gives VREF = 1.20 V to 1.30 V and IADJ up to 100 µA under its stated conditions. With a 1% resistor and IADJ treated as 0 to 100 µA, the calculated envelope is about 95.8 mA to 106.0 mA. This excludes resistor temperature drift and self-heating and is not a measured result.\n\n### 4. Load voltage budget\nThe load does not see a fixed output voltage. For the selected 12 V input, a nominal 1.25 V sense drop and an engineering reserve of 3 V across the regulator leave 7.75 V for the load. This is a design budget, not a guaranteed compliance voltage or exact dropout threshold. Account for supply ripple and temperature. An open load stops regulation and may let IOUT rise towards the supply.\n\n### 5. Dissipation and faults\nR1 dissipates about 0.126 W nominal; its selected 0.5 W rating still needs ambient derating. A shorted load can leave about 1.08 W in the LM317T at the nominal setpoint. Check the thermal path for the actual mounting and keep the operating junction within 0 °C to 125 °C. Internal thermal and current protection do not establish safe normal operation.",[26,29,32,35,38,41,44],{"label":27,"value":28},"Input Operating Voltage","12 V selected; load voltage and regulator headroom must fit within it",{"label":30,"value":31},"Current Setpoint","≈ 100.9 mA calculated: 1.25 V \u002F 12.4 Ω + 50 µA",{"label":33,"value":34},"Reference Voltage","1.20 V to 1.30 V; 1.25 V nominal (ST Table 4 conditions)",{"label":36,"value":37},"Adjustment Current","50 µA typical, 100 µA maximum (ST Table 4)",{"label":39,"value":40},"Sense Resistor","12.4 Ω, 1%, 0.5 W selected; ≈ 0.126 W nominal dissipation",{"label":42,"value":43},"Load Voltage Budget","7.75 V nominal calculation at 12 V with a selected 3 V regulator reserve; not a guaranteed rating",{"label":45,"value":46},"Operating Junction Temperature","0 °C to 125 °C for ST LM317 (ST Table 1)",[48,49],"Low-voltage current-limited experiments with a known load","Educational study of current programming and compliance voltage",[51,56,60,64],{"title":52,"trap":53,"solution":54,"severity":55},"ADJ Must Sense the Load Side","Grounding ADJ turns this topology into a voltage regulator. Taking the load directly from OUT bypasses R1 and its programmed current limit.","Connect OUT pin 2 to R1, the other end of R1 to IOUT, and ADJ pin 1 to IOUT. Connect the external load from IOUT to GND.","warning",{"title":57,"trap":58,"solution":59,"severity":55},"Insufficient Voltage Headroom","A high load voltage leaves too little voltage across R1 and the regulator; the current then falls below the calculated setpoint.","Budget VIN for the load voltage, sense drop and regulator reserve. The selected 12 V example leaves 7.75 V nominal with a 3 V reserve; evaluate ripple and temperature.",{"title":61,"trap":62,"solution":63,"severity":55},"Precision and Resistor Heating","A 1% resistor does not make a 1% current source. Reference spread, ADJ current, temperature drift and self-heating also contribute.","Use the 95.8 mA to 106.0 mA calculated envelope only with its stated assumptions. Check resistor derating and measure the assembled current before connecting a sensitive load.",{"title":65,"trap":66,"solution":67,"severity":55},"Shorted and Disconnected Loads","A shorted load maximizes regulator dissipation in this example; an open load does not hold IOUT at a safe low voltage. The metal tab is OUT, not GND.","Evaluate about 1.08 W nominal short-load dissipation and provide a suitable thermal path. Switch off before changing loads, insulate the tab where needed, and add load-specific protection or charging control.",[69,89,101],{"name":70,"latexOrText":71,"description":72,"variables":73},"Programmed Load Current","I_L = \\frac{V_{REF}}{R_1} + I_{ADJ}","About 100.9 mA for the selected resistor and nominal ST reference and ADJ current.",[74,79,84],{"symbol":75,"name":76,"typicalValue":77,"unit":78},"V_{REF}","Reference voltage","1.25","V",{"symbol":80,"name":81,"typicalValue":82,"unit":83},"R_1","Sense resistance","12.4","Ω",{"symbol":85,"name":86,"typicalValue":87,"unit":88},"I_{ADJ}","Adjustment current","50","µA",{"name":90,"latexOrText":91,"description":92,"variables":93},"Sense Resistor Dissipation","P_{R_1} = \\frac{V_{REF}^{2}}{R_1}","About 0.126 W nominal; the selected 0.5 W resistor still requires ambient-temperature derating.",[94,95,96],{"symbol":75,"name":76,"typicalValue":77,"unit":78},{"symbol":80,"name":81,"typicalValue":82,"unit":83},{"symbol":97,"name":98,"typicalValue":99,"unit":100},"P_{R_1}","Calculated resistor dissipation","0.126","W",{"name":102,"latexOrText":103,"description":104,"variables":105},"Available Load Voltage","V_{L} \\le V_{IN} - V_{REF} - V_{RESERVE}","Nominal engineering budget of 7.75 V. The selected 3 V reserve is not an exact ST dropout specification.",[106,110,112],{"symbol":107,"name":108,"typicalValue":109,"unit":78},"V_{IN}","Selected input voltage","12",{"symbol":75,"name":111,"typicalValue":77,"unit":78},"Nominal sense drop",{"symbol":113,"name":114,"typicalValue":115,"unit":78},"V_{RESERVE}","Selected regulator reserve","3",[117,126,133],{"refDes":118,"componentName":119,"value":120,"package":121,"quantity":122,"componentSlug":123,"role":124,"notes":125},"U1","Adjustable Linear Regulator","LM317T","TO-220",1,"lm317","Maintains the voltage across R1","STMicroelectronics LM317T, DS0433 Rev 22; not the TI LM317KCS used on the separate voltage-regulator page.",{"refDes":127,"componentName":128,"value":129,"package":130,"quantity":122,"role":131,"notes":132},"R1","Current Sense Resistor","12.4Ω","Axial","Programs about 100 mA","Selected 1%, 0.5 W minimum nominal rating; check temperature coefficient and ambient derating. This value is a CircuitBase example, not a value printed in ST Figure 9.",{"refDes":134,"componentName":135,"value":136,"package":137,"quantity":122,"role":138,"notes":139},"C1","Input Bypass Capacitor","100nF","Radial \u002F 0805","Local supply bypass","100 nF following ST §6. Select a voltage rating above the maximum actual supply; capacitor and load are not drawn in Figure 9.",{"U1":141,"R1":146,"C1":151},{"refDes":118,"name":142,"value":120,"role":124,"description":143,"componentSlug":123,"footprint":121,"specs":144},"ST LM317T Current Regulator","Pins 1 ADJ, 2 OUT and tab, 3 IN. ADJ senses IOUT after R1. The tab is upstream of the resistor and must not be assumed to be ground.",{"Reference Voltage":145,"Adjustment Current":37},"1.25 V nominal; 1.20 V to 1.30 V (ST Table 4)",{"refDes":127,"name":128,"value":129,"role":131,"description":147,"footprint":130,"specs":148},"Between OUT and IOUT. About 0.126 W nominal dissipation; the selected 1% tolerance and 0.5 W rating do not establish a 1% current source.",{"Resistance":149,"Power Rating":150},"12.4 Ω, 1% selected","0.5 W selected; check ambient derating",{"refDes":134,"name":135,"value":136,"role":138,"description":152,"footprint":137,"specs":153},"Between IN and GND near the IC, following ST §6. This added bypass does not connect ADJ to ground.",{"Capacitance":154},"100 nF (0.1 µF)",{"schemaVersion":156,"id":18,"meta":157,"components":163,"nets":212,"junctions":241,"netLabels":250,"wires":251},"1.5",{"title":19,"locale":158,"grid":159,"source":160},"en",20,{"type":161,"ref":162,"url":17},"datasheet","STMicroelectronics DS0433 Rev 22, December 2021: Figure 9 Current regulator (p.11), Figure 1 pinout (p.2), Tables 1\u002F2\u002F4 and §6. Topology also visually cross-checked against manufacturer Rev 21 Figure 9. CircuitBase choices: 12 V input, R1=12.4 Ω\u002F1%\u002F0.5 W, C1=100 nF input bypass per §6; external load between IOUT and GND. TI SLVS044Z Figure 8-8 reviewed for the planned topology but TI device specifications are not applied to ST LM317T.",[164,174,181,188,195,204],{"id":165,"symbolId":166,"refDes":167,"position":168,"rotation":171,"properties":172},"input","port.power","P1",{"x":169,"y":170},80,100,0,{"value":173},"+12V",{"id":175,"symbolId":176,"refDes":118,"position":177,"rotation":171,"properties":180},"u1","ic.linear.lm317",{"x":178,"y":179},300,140,{"value":120},{"id":182,"symbolId":183,"refDes":127,"position":184,"rotation":171,"properties":187},"r1","resistor.iec",{"x":185,"y":186},540,160,{"value":129},{"id":189,"symbolId":190,"refDes":134,"position":191,"rotation":193,"properties":194},"c1","capacitor.ceramic",{"x":192,"y":192},220,90,{"value":136},{"id":196,"symbolId":197,"refDes":198,"position":199,"rotation":171,"properties":202},"ground","gnd.port","GND1",{"x":200,"y":201},180,360,{"value":203},"GND",{"id":205,"symbolId":206,"refDes":207,"position":208,"rotation":171,"properties":210},"output","port.output","P2",{"x":209,"y":186},760,{"value":211},"IOUT",[213,222,228,236],{"id":214,"name":173,"class":215,"pins":216},"vin","power",[217,219,220],{"component":165,"pin":218},"out",{"component":175,"pin":115},{"component":189,"pin":221},"1",{"id":218,"name":223,"class":215,"pins":224},"OUT",[225,227],{"component":175,"pin":226},"2",{"component":182,"pin":221},{"id":229,"name":211,"class":230,"pins":231},"load","signal",[232,233,234],{"component":182,"pin":226},{"component":175,"pin":221},{"component":205,"pin":235},"in",{"id":237,"name":203,"class":196,"pins":238},"gnd",[239,240],{"component":189,"pin":226},{"component":196,"pin":235},[242,246],{"id":243,"netId":214,"position":244},"j-in",{"x":245,"y":200},200,{"id":247,"netId":229,"position":248},"j-load",{"x":249,"y":200},680,[],[252,261,269,277,285,294,303,314],{"id":253,"netId":214,"endpoints":254,"path":257},"w-source",[255,256],{"component":165,"pin":218},{"junctionId":243},[258,259,260],{"x":170,"y":179},{"x":170,"y":200},{"x":245,"y":200},{"id":262,"netId":214,"endpoints":263,"path":266},"w-in",[264,265],{"junctionId":243},{"component":175,"pin":115},[267,268],{"x":245,"y":200},{"x":178,"y":200},{"id":270,"netId":214,"endpoints":271,"path":274},"w-bypass",[272,273],{"junctionId":243},{"component":189,"pin":221},[275,276],{"x":245,"y":200},{"x":245,"y":192},{"id":278,"netId":237,"endpoints":279,"path":282},"w-gnd",[280,281],{"component":189,"pin":226},{"component":196,"pin":235},[283,284],{"x":245,"y":178},{"x":245,"y":201},{"id":286,"netId":218,"endpoints":287,"path":290},"w-out-r",[288,289],{"component":175,"pin":226},{"component":182,"pin":221},[291,293],{"x":292,"y":200},440,{"x":185,"y":200},{"id":295,"netId":229,"endpoints":296,"path":299},"w-r-load",[297,298],{"component":182,"pin":226},{"junctionId":247},[300,302],{"x":301,"y":200},620,{"x":249,"y":200},{"id":304,"netId":229,"endpoints":305,"path":308},"w-adj",[306,307],{"component":175,"pin":221},{"junctionId":247},[309,311,312,313],{"x":201,"y":310},240,{"x":201,"y":178},{"x":249,"y":178},{"x":249,"y":200},{"id":315,"netId":229,"endpoints":316,"path":319},"w-load-port",[317,318],{"junctionId":247},{"component":205,"pin":235},[320,321],{"x":249,"y":200},{"x":209,"y":200},"\u003Csvg 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class=\"comp-interactive\" data-refdes=\"U1\" id=\"elem-u1\" cursor=\"pointer\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(300,140) rotate(0)\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2e2e2c\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\">\u003Crect x=\"-4\" y=\"-4\" width=\"148\" height=\"108\" fill=\"transparent\" stroke=\"transparent\" pointer-events=\"all\"\u002F>\u003Crect x=\"20\" y=\"20\" width=\"100\" height=\"60\" fill=\"none\"\u002F>\u003Cline x1=\"0\" y1=\"40\" x2=\"20\" y2=\"40\" fill=\"none\"\u002F>\u003Ctext x=\"24\" y=\"44\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#18181a\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"'Space Mono', 'SFMono-Regular', Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', monospace\" font-size=\"11\">IN\u003C\u002Ftext>\u003Ctext x=\"16\" y=\"37\" text-anchor=\"end\" fill=\"#18181a\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"'Space Mono', 'SFMono-Regular', Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', monospace\" font-size=\"11\">3\u003C\u002Ftext>\u003Cline x1=\"120\" y1=\"40\" x2=\"140\" y2=\"40\" fill=\"none\"\u002F>\u003Ctext x=\"116\" y=\"44\" text-anchor=\"end\" fill=\"#18181a\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"'Space Mono', 'SFMono-Regular', Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', monospace\" font-size=\"11\">OUT\u003C\u002Ftext>\u003Ctext x=\"124\" y=\"37\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#18181a\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"'Space Mono', 'SFMono-Regular', Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', monospace\" font-size=\"11\">2\u003C\u002Ftext>\u003Cline x1=\"60\" y1=\"80\" x2=\"60\" y2=\"100\" fill=\"none\"\u002F>\u003Ctext x=\"60\" y=\"74\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#18181a\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"'Space Mono', 'SFMono-Regular', Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', monospace\" font-size=\"11\">ADJ\u003C\u002Ftext>\u003Ctext x=\"63\" y=\"93\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#18181a\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"'Space Mono', 'SFMono-Regular', Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', monospace\" font-size=\"11\">1\u003C\u002Ftext>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Ctext x=\"370\" y=\"128.4\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#18181a\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"'Space Mono', 'SFMono-Regular', Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', monospace\" font-size=\"11\">U1\u003C\u002Ftext>\u003Ctext x=\"370\" y=\"146.4\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#18181a\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"'Space Mono', 'SFMono-Regular', Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', monospace\" font-size=\"11\">LM317T\u003C\u002Ftext>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg class=\"comp-interactive\" data-refdes=\"R1\" id=\"elem-r1\" cursor=\"pointer\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(540,160) rotate(0)\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2e2e2c\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\">\u003Crect x=\"-4\" y=\"-4\" width=\"88\" height=\"48\" fill=\"transparent\" stroke=\"transparent\" pointer-events=\"all\"\u002F>\u003Cline x1=\"0\" y1=\"20\" x2=\"20\" y2=\"20\" fill=\"none\"\u002F>\u003Crect x=\"20\" y=\"12\" width=\"40\" height=\"16\" fill=\"none\"\u002F>\u003Cline x1=\"60\" y1=\"20\" x2=\"80\" y2=\"20\" fill=\"none\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Ctext x=\"580\" y=\"158.4\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#18181a\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"'Space Mono', 'SFMono-Regular', Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', monospace\" font-size=\"11\">R1\u003C\u002Ftext>\u003Ctext x=\"580\" y=\"212.4\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#18181a\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"'Space Mono', 'SFMono-Regular', Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', monospace\" font-size=\"11\">12.4Ω\u003C\u002Ftext>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg class=\"comp-interactive\" data-refdes=\"C1\" id=\"elem-c1\" cursor=\"pointer\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(220,220) rotate(90)\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2e2e2c\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\">\u003Crect x=\"-4\" y=\"-4\" width=\"88\" height=\"48\" fill=\"transparent\" stroke=\"transparent\" pointer-events=\"all\"\u002F>\u003Cline x1=\"0\" y1=\"20\" x2=\"32\" y2=\"20\" fill=\"none\"\u002F>\u003Cline x1=\"32\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"32\" y2=\"34\" fill=\"none\"\u002F>\u003Cline x1=\"48\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"48\" y2=\"34\" fill=\"none\"\u002F>\u003Cline x1=\"48\" y1=\"20\" x2=\"80\" y2=\"20\" fill=\"none\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Ctext x=\"224\" y=\"256.4\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#18181a\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"'Space Mono', 'SFMono-Regular', Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', monospace\" font-size=\"11\">C1\u003C\u002Ftext>\u003Ctext x=\"224\" y=\"274.4\" text-anchor=\"start\" fill=\"#18181a\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"'Space Mono', 'SFMono-Regular', Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', monospace\" font-size=\"11\">100nF\u003C\u002Ftext>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(180,360) rotate(0)\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2e2e2c\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\">\u003Cline x1=\"20\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"20\" y2=\"10\" fill=\"none\"\u002F>\u003Cline x1=\"6\" y1=\"10\" x2=\"34\" y2=\"10\" fill=\"none\"\u002F>\u003Cline x1=\"10\" y1=\"16\" x2=\"30\" y2=\"16\" fill=\"none\"\u002F>\u003Cline x1=\"14\" y1=\"22\" x2=\"26\" y2=\"22\" fill=\"none\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(760,160) rotate(0)\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2e2e2c\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\">\u003Cpolygon points=\"0,8 34,8 48,20 34,32 0,32\" fill=\"none\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Ccircle data-kind=\"junction\" cx=\"200\" cy=\"180\" r=\"4.5\" fill=\"#2e2e2c\" stroke=\"none\"\u002F>\u003Ccircle data-kind=\"junction\" cx=\"680\" cy=\"180\" r=\"4.5\" fill=\"#2e2e2c\" stroke=\"none\"\u002F>\u003Ctext x=\"100\" y=\"86.4\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#18181a\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"'Space Mono', 'SFMono-Regular', Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', monospace\" font-size=\"11\">+12V\u003C\u002Ftext>\u003Ctext x=\"200\" y=\"406.4\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#18181a\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"'Space Mono', 'SFMono-Regular', Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', monospace\" font-size=\"11\">GND\u003C\u002Ftext>\u003Ctext x=\"784\" y=\"216.4\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#18181a\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"'Space Mono', 'SFMono-Regular', Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', monospace\" font-size=\"11\">IOUT\u003C\u002Ftext>\u003C\u002Fsvg>",[324],"lm317-adjustable-linear-regulator",[123],[],"canonical",null,[330,343,355],{"slug":331,"cluster":20,"tier":332,"supplyVoltage":333,"voltageSpecification":335,"signalDomain":215,"breadboardFriendly":14,"title":338,"shortDescription":339,"bomCount":340,"formulaCount":341,"search":342},"dual-rail-7815-7915-split-power-supply","Tier 2",[334],"dual_rail",{"kind":205,"value":336,"label":337},"+15 V and −15 V, tracking; up to 1 A (TI Figure 8)","Regulated Output Voltage","±15 V Tracking Dual Supply (LM7815 \u002F LM7915)","The ±15 V, 1 A tracking regulator from the TI LM79xx datasheet: an LM7915 trimmed to exactly −15 V and an LM7815 whose ground pin is driven by an LM307 op-amp, so the positive rail mirrors the negative one.",14,3,"±15 v tracking dual supply (lm7815 \u002F lm7915)\nthe ±15 v, 1 a tracking regulator from the ti lm79xx datasheet: an lm7915 trimmed to exactly −15 v and an lm7815 whose ground pin is driven by an lm307 op-amp, so the positive rail mirrors the negative one.\n±15 v tracking dual supply (lm7815 \u002F lm7915)\nthe ±15 v, 1 a tracking regulator from the ti lm79xx datasheet: an lm7915 trimmed to exactly −15 v and an lm7815 whose ground pin is driven by an lm307 op-amp, so the positive rail mirrors the negative one.\n±15 v tracking dual supply (lm7815 \u002F lm7915)\nthe ±15 v, 1 a tracking regulator from the ti lm79xx datasheet: an lm7915 trimmed to exactly −15 v and an lm7815 whose ground pin is driven by an lm307 op-amp, so the positive rail mirrors the negative one.\npower_supplies\npositive voltage regulator\nlm7815\nu1\nnegative voltage regulator\nlm7915\nu2\noperational amplifier\nlm307\nu3\nresistor\n50ω\nr1\nresistor\n1kω\nr2\ntrimmer potentiometer\n5kω\nr3\nprecision resistor\n10kω 1%\nr4\nprecision resistor\n10kω 1%\nr5\naluminium electrolytic capacitor\n25µf\nc1\naluminium electrolytic capacitor\n25µf\nc2\naluminium electrolytic capacitor\n25µf\nc4\naluminium electrolytic capacitor\n25µf\nc5\nrectifier diode\n1n4001\nd1\nrectifier diode\n1n4001\nd2",{"slug":344,"cluster":20,"tier":21,"supplyVoltage":345,"voltageSpecification":348,"signalDomain":215,"breadboardFriendly":14,"title":350,"shortDescription":351,"bomCount":352,"formulaCount":353,"search":354},"lm2596-step-down-buck-converter",[346,347,334],"5v","12v",{"kind":205,"value":349,"label":337},"5.0V DC (±4% full line, load, temp: 4.80V to 5.20V)","LM2596 Step-Down Buck Converter (5V \u002F 3A)","High-efficiency 150-kHz step-down switching regulator delivering a regulated 5V output at up to 3A continuous load from a 7V–40V DC supply with minimal external components.",7,4,"lm2596 step-down buck converter (5v \u002F 3a)\nhigh-efficiency 150-khz step-down switching regulator delivering a regulated 5v output at up to 3a continuous load from a 7v–40v dc supply with minimal external components.\nlm2596 step-down buck converter (5v \u002F 3a)\nhigh-efficiency 150-khz step-down switching regulator delivering a regulated 5v output at up to 3a continuous load from a 7v–40v dc supply with minimal external components.\nlm2596 step-down buck converter (5v \u002F 3a)\nhigh-efficiency 150-khz step-down switching regulator delivering a regulated 5v output at up to 3a continuous load from a 7v–40v dc supply with minimal external components.\npower_supplies\ntexas instruments lm2596-5.0\nlm2596t-5.0\nu1\non semiconductor schottky barrier rectifier\n1n5822\nd1\npulse electronics toroidal power inductor\n33µh \u002F 3.5a\nl1\nnichicon low-esr input electrolytic capacitor\n680µf \u002F 50v\nc1\nnichicon low-esr output electrolytic capacitor\n220µf \u002F 25v\nc2\ndc power input port\n+12v dc (7v–40v)\np_vin\ndc power output port\n+5.0v dc (up to 3a)\np_vout",{"slug":324,"cluster":20,"tier":21,"supplyVoltage":356,"voltageSpecification":358,"signalDomain":215,"breadboardFriendly":14,"title":361,"shortDescription":362,"bomCount":363,"formulaCount":341,"search":364},[346,347,357],"24v",{"kind":205,"value":359,"label":360},"1.25–9V respects recommended 3V headroom with nominal 12V input; regulation also requires the specified load, temperature and power conditions","Calculated nominal setpoints","LM317 Adjustable Positive Linear Voltage Regulator","Adjustable DC voltage reference circuit using TI LM317KCS and nominal 12V input. Calculated setpoints up to 9V respect the recommended 3V headroom; usable current requires a load and thermal budget.",6,"lm317 adjustable positive linear voltage regulator\nadjustable dc voltage reference circuit using ti lm317kcs and nominal 12v input. calculated setpoints up to 9v respect the recommended 3v headroom; usable current requires a load and thermal budget.\nlm317 adjustable positive linear voltage regulator\nadjustable dc voltage reference circuit using ti lm317kcs and nominal 12v input. calculated setpoints up to 9v respect the recommended 3v headroom; usable current requires a load and thermal budget.\nlm317 adjustable positive linear voltage regulator\nadjustable dc voltage reference circuit using ti lm317kcs and nominal 12v input. calculated setpoints up to 9v respect the recommended 3v headroom; usable current requires a load and thermal budget.\npower_supplies\nadjustable positive linear voltage regulator\nlm317kcs\nu1\nprecision metal film resistor 1\u002F4w\n240ω\nr1\ncermet linear potentiometer \u002F trimmer\n5kω\nr2\nmultilayer ceramic capacitor (mlcc)\n0.1µf\nc1\naluminum electrolytic capacitor\n10µf\nc2\nstandard silicon rectifier diode\n1n4007\nd1",1793836431640]