[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":622},["ShallowReactive",2],{"schematic:lm317-adjustable-linear-regulator:en":3},{"schematic":4,"title":19,"shortDescription":22,"proseSource":584,"localizationFallbackIssues":585,"related":586,"confirmations":585},{"schemaVersion":5,"governance":6,"slug":18,"title":19,"cluster":20,"tier":21,"shortDescription":22,"deepTechnicalOverview":23,"theoryOfOperation":24,"keySpecifications":25,"applications":62,"gotchas":66,"formulas":89,"bom":164,"interactiveElements":208,"circuitJson":251,"svg":580,"relatedSchematicSlugs":581,"relatedComponentSlugs":582,"relatedBoardSlugs":583},"1.0",{"publication":7,"verification":10,"provenance":15},{"status":8,"publishedDate":9},"published","2026-10-13",{"status":11,"verifiedDate":9,"verifiedBy":12,"checklist":13},"verified","Codex (documentary review of TI SLVS044Z legacy LM317KCS and Vishay88503, CAD and LLM localization; owner publication GO; no bench claim)",{"schema":14,"technicalFacts":14,"relationships":14,"sources":14},true,{"sourceUrls":16},[17],"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ti.com\u002Flit\u002Fds\u002Fsymlink\u002Flm317.pdf","lm317-adjustable-linear-regulator","LM317 Adjustable Positive Linear Voltage Regulator","power_supplies","Tier 1","Adjustable DC voltage reference circuit using TI LM317KCS and nominal 12V input. Calculated setpoints up to 9V respect the recommended 3V headroom; usable current requires a load and thermal budget.","This circuit uses Texas Instruments LM317KCS in the legacy TO-220 KCS package, documented by TI SLVS044Z (April 2025). It is distinct from LM317-N \u002F LM317T\u002FNOPB in NDE. U1 Pin 3 is IN, Pin 2 and the mounting tab are OUT, and Pin 1 is ADJ. The output tab must be electrically isolated from grounded cooling hardware when required by the assembly.\n\nR1=240Ω and R2=5kΩ form the voltage-setting divider. With nominal VREF=1.25V and IADJ=50µA, its calculated setpoint runs from 1.25V to 27.54V. The shown supply is only 12V: setpoints up to 9V respect TI's recommended 3V input-to-output headroom. This is a calculated nominal design envelope, not a measured output range or a physical 9V clamp. Actual regulation requires the specified load, temperature and power conditions.\n\nThe nominal R1 current is 5.21mA. It exceeds the typical minimum-load figure but does not establish worst-case no-load regulation. Include divider current in total IOUT and provide an evaluated external load where required. Assembly continuous-current capability has not been established. Use the exact terminal power balance PD=(VIN−VOUT)IOUT+(VIN−VADJ)IADJ and verify the real mounting and cooling.\n\nC1=100nF provides local input bypass; C2=10µF\u002F35V is an additional polarized output capacitor for transient response. Output capacitance is not required for stability. D1 is a Vishay 1N4007 in DO-41, with anode VOUT and cathode VIN, following TI's recommendation for a discharge bypass when output capacitance is fitted. It does not protect against reverse input polarity or guarantee a safe pulse into every source. Its separate ratings come from Vishay document 88503, electrical revision 29-Apr-2020: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.vishay.com\u002Fdocs\u002F88503\u002F1n4001.pdf . No physical bench or complete assembly current rating is claimed.","### 1. Reference and minimum load\nU1 regulates the OUT-to-ADJ differential to nominal VREF=1.25V. TI §6.6 specifies 1.20–1.30V under its stated differential, current and power conditions: 3V≤VIN−VOUT≤40V, 10mA≤IOUT≤1.5A and PD≤20W. These IC conditions do not establish a tested rating for this assembly.\n\nR1=240Ω carries a calculated nominal current I1=1.25V\u002F240Ω≈5.21mA. TI lists minimum load as 3.5mA typical and 10mA maximum at VIN−VOUT=40V across its operating temperature range. The divider therefore relies on typical behavior without an external load. Even a nominal 120Ω resistor with +1% tolerance gives only 1.20V\u002F121.2Ω≈9.90mA at the minimum reference voltage. Check the complete tolerance and load budget rather than assuming worst-case regulation.\n\n### 2. Calculated setpoint and supply headroom\nThe nominal divider equation is:\n$$V_{OUT}=V_{REF}\\left(1+\\frac{R_2}{R_1}\\right)+I_{ADJ}R_2$$\nFor R1=240Ω, R2=0–5kΩ, VREF=1.25V and IADJ=50µA, the calculated setpoint is 1.25–27.54V. That upper setpoint cannot be reached from the shown nominal 12V supply. TI §6.3 and §7.3.1\u002F§7.4.2 recommend 3V headroom. A nominal setpoint up to 9V respects that margin; it is not a physical output clamp or an assembly qualification. A setting near R2=1.47kΩ gives 9V in the nominal equation, including IADJ. Higher settings leave the recommended envelope; actual loss of regulation depends on load and temperature. No numerical dropout threshold is specified here.\n\n### 3. Power and illustrative thermal estimates\nTotal output current includes the external load and divider: IOUT=ILOAD+I1. Input current is IIN=IOUT+IADJ. Exact terminal power balance gives:\n$$P_D=(V_{IN}-V_{OUT})I_{OUT}+(V_{IN}-V_{ADJ})I_{ADJ}$$\nFor an illustrative VIN=12V, VOUT=5V, total IOUT=1A, VADJ=3.75V and assumed IADJ=50µA, PD=7.0004125W, approximately 7W. The omitted ADJ term must be evaluated at the actual operating point; no universal sub-milliwatt or percentage-error guarantee applies.\n\nTI §6.4 lists KCS characterization metrics RθJA=23.5°C\u002FW, RθJC(bot)=0.1°C\u002FW and RθJC(top)=15.9°C\u002FW. These do not establish the thermal resistance of an arbitrary free-air assembly. If RθJA=23.5°C\u002FW and TA=25°C are assumed for illustration, PD=1.5W gives TJ≈60.3°C and PD≈7W gives an unprotected steady-state estimate of TJ≈189.5°C. These are calculations, not measured temperatures or shutdown timing. Actual mounting, airflow and protection behavior must be evaluated.\n\nFor a heatsink model, the calculated upper bound is θSA≤(TJ(limit)−TA)\u002FPD−θJC(bot)−θCS. Using an operating limit of 125°C, assumed TA=25°C, PD≈7W and θCS=0.5°C\u002FW gives θSA≤13.7°C\u002FW. This example is not a guaranteed assembly rating; verify the actual thermal path. The tab is electrically connected to VOUT.\n\n### 4. Bypass and discharge path\nC1=100nF connects from IN to GND. Keep its connections short; TI recommends local input bypass when the regulator is far from the source filter. C2=10µF\u002F35V connects positive to VOUT and negative to GND and can improve transient response. It is not required for stability, and its exact response depends on the selected part and load.\n\nD1 has cathode VIN and anode VOUT. TI §8.2.1 recommends a bypass diode when output capacitance is used. Evaluate the returned current, pulse energy and impedance of the input path; the diode alone does not limit the capacitor surge. Vishay 88503 specifies IF(AV)=1A at TA=75°C with 9.5mm leads and IFSM=30A for a nonrepetitive 8.3ms single half-sine superimposed on rated load at TA=25°C. These are diode test conditions, not a demonstrated discharge rating for this circuit. D1 does not protect against reverse input polarity.\n\n### 5. Potentiometer contact loss\nIn the CAD symbol, R2 Pin 3 is the wiper, tied to end terminal Pin 2 and GND; end terminal Pin 1 connects to ADJ. Verify the physical pinout of the selected potentiometer. If the wiper loses contact, the divider uses the full 5kΩ track and requests the high setpoint. This prevents an open divider but does not protect a downstream load from overvoltage. Actual fault output depends on supply and load; provide independently designed overvoltage protection where needed.",[26,29,32,35,38,41,44,47,50,53,56,59],{"label":27,"value":28},"Calculated nominal setpoints","1.25–9V respects recommended 3V headroom with nominal 12V input; regulation also requires the specified load, temperature and power conditions",{"label":30,"value":31},"Recommended Headroom (Vin - Vout)","3.0 V (recommended for full current and temperature range per SLVS044Z §6.3 \u002F §7.3.1)",{"label":33,"value":34},"Low-headroom operation","No fixed dropout guarantee; use TI recommended 3V headroom and check the actual load and temperature",{"label":36,"value":37},"Feedback Setpoint Range","1.25 V – ~27.5 V (theoretical calculation with 5 kΩ R2; output is headroom-limited on +12 V rail)",{"label":39,"value":40},"IC current capability and assembly limits","IC up to 1.5A under TI conditions; assembly continuous-current capability is not established",{"label":42,"value":43},"Internal Reference Voltage (Vref)","1.25 V nominal (1.20 V – 1.30 V, 3 V \u003C= (VI - VO) \u003C= 40 V, 10 mA \u003C= IO \u003C= 1.5 A, PD \u003C= 20 W)",{"label":45,"value":46},"Minimum Load Current","3.5 mA typical (10 mA max at (VI - VO) = 40 V over 0 °C to 125 °C, legacy chip)",{"label":48,"value":49},"Adjustment Pin Current (Iadj)","50 µA typical (100 µA max over full temperature range; delta Iadj \u003C= 5 µA)",{"label":51,"value":52},"Line Regulation","0.01% \u002F V typ, 0.04% \u002F V max at TJ = 25 °C (0.02% \u002F V typ, 0.07% \u002F V max over full temp, 3 V \u003C= (VI - VO) \u003C= 40 V)",{"label":54,"value":55},"Load-regulation test conditions","Legacy IC limits depend on output voltage and temperature; 25°C load-regulation row uses IOUT=10mA–1.5A and CADJ=10µF, which is not fitted here",{"label":57,"value":58},"IC ripple rejection","57dB typical at VOUT=10V, f=120Hz, CADJ=0µF (TI legacy row); not measured for this 12V-input assembly",{"label":60,"value":61},"Thermal Resistance (Package KCS)","TI KCS characterization metrics: RθJA=23.5°C\u002FW, RθJC(bot)=0.1°C\u002FW, RθJC(top)=15.9°C\u002FW; actual assembly thermal resistance must be evaluated",[63,64,65],"Adjustable DC voltage regulation within the source, load and thermal limits","Local linear post-regulation where headroom and cooling have been checked","Educational study of divider programming, minimum load and thermal design",[67,72,77,81,85],{"title":68,"trap":69,"solution":70,"severity":71},"Reverse Current Surge from Output Capacitors During Power-Down","When the input DC supply is abruptly disconnected or shorted to ground, output capacitor C2 remains charged. The stored energy attempts to discharge backwards into the low-impedance output pin of the LM317, which can damage the internal Darlington pass transistor and substrate bond wires.","Fit D1 with cathode VIN and anode VOUT, following TI §8.2.1 for an output capacitor. Evaluate source returned-current tolerance, pulse impedance and discharge energy. This bypass path does not guarantee safe discharge under every fault and does not protect against reverse input polarity.","warning",{"title":73,"trap":74,"solution":75,"severity":76},"Loss of Voltage Regulation with Insufficient Minimum Load Current","Insufficient total output load can prevent regulation. TI lists 3.5mA typical and 10mA maximum at VIN−VOUT=40V across operating temperature. A generic divider-only circuit does not establish a worst-case no-load guarantee.","With R1 = 240 Ω, the nominal divider current is I1 = 1.25 V \u002F 240 Ω ≈ 5.21 mA, which covers the typical 3.5 mA requirement. However, to guarantee regulation under worst-case 10 mA conditions without external load, one cannot simply rely on a nominal 120 Ω resistor: with VREF(min) = 1.20 V and +1% resistor tolerance (121.2 Ω), divider current is only 9.90 mA (\u003C 10 mA). When operating near corner conditions, verify the worst-case tolerance budget or connect an external minimum load.","critical",{"title":78,"trap":79,"solution":80,"severity":76},"Thermal Overload and Heatsink Requirements at High Load Current","Input-output voltage drop and total current set regulator heat dissipation. A 12V-to-5V example at total IOUT=1A dissipates approximately 7W. Actual temperature and protection behavior depend on the thermal path; a datasheet package metric is not a measured free-air assembly result.","Use PD=(VIN−VOUT)IOUT+(VIN−VADJ)IADJ, including divider current in IOUT. Calculate the actual thermal path for the intended ambient, mounting and airflow, keeping operating TJ within 0–125°C. Do not rely on a universal wattage threshold or on thermal shutdown as normal operation.",{"title":82,"trap":83,"solution":84,"severity":71},"Output Voltage Limited by Supply Headroom, Not Divider Range","The calculated 27.54V divider setpoint cannot be produced by the shown nominal 12V source. Setpoints above 9V leave TI recommended 3V-headroom envelope; this does not establish an exact physical dropout threshold.","Keep the shown design within its evaluated source, load and thermal conditions. For a different input or output range, reassess all capacitor, diode, power and cooling ratings rather than assuming the divider equation alone establishes a usable range.",{"title":86,"trap":87,"solution":88,"severity":71},"Potentiometer Wiper Contact Loss in Rheostat Configuration","R2 CAD wiper Pin 3 is tied to end Pin 2 and GND; end Pin 1 connects to ADJ. Wiper contact loss uses the full 5kΩ track and requests the high setpoint. Actual fault output depends on supply and load and may damage a low-voltage load.","Verify the physical pinout of the selected potentiometer. The end-to-wiper tie prevents an open divider but does not provide load overvoltage protection. Design a separate protection circuit when required by the load.",[90,114,136],{"name":91,"latexOrText":92,"description":93,"variables":94},"Regulated Output Voltage Equation","V_{OUT} = V_{REF} \\cdot \\left(1 + \\frac{R_2}{R_1}\\right) + I_{ADJ} \\cdot R_2","Calculated nominal divider setpoint, using VREF and IADJ assumptions. Setpoints respecting recommended 3V headroom still require the specified source, load and thermal conditions.",[95,100,105,109],{"symbol":96,"name":97,"typicalValue":98,"unit":99},"V_{REF}","Internal Reference Voltage","1.25","V",{"symbol":101,"name":102,"typicalValue":103,"unit":104},"R_1","Fixed Programming Resistor","240","Ω",{"symbol":106,"name":107,"typicalValue":108,"unit":104},"R_2","Adjustable Potentiometer Setting","720",{"symbol":110,"name":111,"typicalValue":112,"unit":113},"I_{ADJ}","Adjustment Pin Bias Current","50","µA",{"name":115,"latexOrText":116,"description":117,"variables":118},"Linear Regulator Power Dissipation and Current Balance","P_D = (V_{IN} - V_{OUT}) \\cdot I_{OUT} + (V_{IN} - V_{ADJ}) \\cdot I_{ADJ} \\approx (V_{IN} - V_{OUT}) \\cdot I_{OUT}","Exact terminal power balance. Total IOUT includes external load and divider current; IIN=IOUT+IADJ. Evaluate the adjustment-terminal term at the actual operating point rather than assuming a universal error bound.",[119,123,127,131,135],{"symbol":120,"name":121,"typicalValue":122,"unit":99},"V_{IN}","Input DC Voltage","12.0",{"symbol":124,"name":125,"typicalValue":126,"unit":99},"V_{OUT}","Regulated Output Voltage","5.0",{"symbol":128,"name":129,"typicalValue":5,"unit":130},"I_{OUT}","Total Regulator Output Current","A",{"symbol":132,"name":133,"typicalValue":134,"unit":99},"V_{ADJ}","Adjustment Terminal Potential","3.75",{"symbol":110,"name":111,"typicalValue":112,"unit":113},{"name":137,"latexOrText":138,"description":139,"variables":140},"Heatsink Thermal Resistance Calculation","\\theta_{SA} \\le \\frac{T_{J(max)} - T_A}{P_D} - \\theta_{JC(bot)} - \\theta_{CS}","Calculated maximum heatsink-to-ambient thermal resistance for the stated assumptions, not a measured assembly rating. Use the actual mounting\u002Finterface and ambient conditions; the KCS tab is electrically VOUT.",[141,146,150,155,160],{"symbol":142,"name":143,"typicalValue":144,"unit":145},"T_{J(max)}","Maximum Junction Temperature","125.0","°C",{"symbol":147,"name":148,"typicalValue":149,"unit":145},"T_A","Ambient Operating Temperature","25.0",{"symbol":151,"name":152,"typicalValue":153,"unit":154},"P_D","Power Dissipation","7.0","W",{"symbol":156,"name":157,"typicalValue":158,"unit":159},"\\theta_{JC(bot)}","Junction-to-Case (Tab) Thermal Resistance","0.1","°C\u002FW",{"symbol":161,"name":162,"typicalValue":163,"unit":159},"\\theta_{CS}","Case-to-Heatsink Mounting Interface Resistance","0.5",[165,173,180,187,194,201],{"refDes":166,"componentName":167,"value":168,"package":169,"quantity":170,"role":171,"notes":172},"U1","Adjustable Positive Linear Voltage Regulator","LM317KCS","TO-220 (KCS)",1,"3-terminal adjustable positive linear voltage regulator","TI LM317KCS, legacy TO-220 KCS per SLVS044Z. Pins 1 ADJ, 2 and tab OUT, 3 IN. Distinct from LM317-N\u002FNDE. Published characterization metrics: RθJA=23.5°C\u002FW, RθJC(bot)=0.1°C\u002FW, RθJC(top)=15.9°C\u002FW; actual cooling must be evaluated. Assembly continuous current is not established.",{"refDes":174,"componentName":175,"value":176,"package":177,"quantity":170,"role":178,"notes":179},"R1","Precision Metal Film Resistor 1\u002F4W","240Ω","Axial \u002F 0805","Reference current programming resistor","1% tolerance, 0.25 W rated (dissipates ~6.5 mW at VREF = 1.25 V). Establishes ~5.21 mA nominal programming current to satisfy typical 3.5 mA minimum load requirement.",{"refDes":181,"componentName":182,"value":183,"package":184,"quantity":170,"role":185,"notes":186},"R2","Cermet Linear Potentiometer \u002F Trimmer","5kΩ","3-Pin THT","Output voltage adjustment control","5kΩ linear potentiometer; CAD wiper Pin 3 tied to end Pin 2\u002FGND, end Pin 1 to ADJ. Verify selected physical pinout and power rating. Contact loss requests the high setpoint; no load overvoltage protection is provided.",{"refDes":188,"componentName":189,"value":190,"package":191,"quantity":170,"role":192,"notes":193},"C1","Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor (MLCC)","0.1µF","Radial \u002F 0805","High-frequency input bypass capacitor","50V rated X7R ceramic disc or MLCC, mounted close to LM317 VIN pin to suppress line inductance oscillations.",{"refDes":195,"componentName":196,"value":197,"package":198,"quantity":170,"role":199,"notes":200},"C2","Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor","10µF","Radial Can THT","Additional output transient capacitance","10µF\u002F35V polarized aluminum electrolytic; positive VOUT, negative GND. Select a suitable physical part and evaluate actual load-transient response.",{"refDes":202,"componentName":203,"value":204,"package":205,"quantity":170,"role":206,"notes":207},"D1","Standard Silicon Rectifier Diode","1N4007","DO-41","VOUT-to-VIN reverse discharge protection clamp","Vishay 1N4007 DO-41: VRRM=1000V; IF(AV)=1A at TA=75°C with 9.5mm leads; IFSM=30A for a nonrepetitive 8.3ms single half-sine superimposed on rated load at TA=25°C. Evaluate actual discharge; not reverse-input-polarity protection.",{"U1":209,"R1":217,"R2":225,"C1":231,"C2":239,"D1":245},{"refDes":166,"name":210,"value":168,"role":171,"description":172,"footprint":169,"specs":211},"Linear Regulator LM317KCS",{"Regulated Output Range":212,"Max IC Current Rating":213,"Recommended Headroom":214,"Reference Voltage":215,"Package \u002F Pinout":216},"Calculated setpoints up to 9V respect recommended 3V headroom at nominal 12V input; actual regulation is load\u002Ftemperature\u002Fpower dependent","IC up to 1.5A under TI conditions; no assembly continuous-current rating","3.0 V (VI - VO >= 3.0 V per SLVS044Z)","1.25 V nominal (1.20 V – 1.30 V)","TO-220 KCS (1: ADJ, 2\u002FTab: OUT, 3: IN)",{"refDes":174,"name":218,"value":176,"role":219,"description":220,"footprint":177,"specs":221},"Programming Resistor","Current Programming Resistor","Connects between OUT and ADJ terminals to maintain 1.25 V reference voltage, setting a nominal programming current of I1 = 1.25 V \u002F 240 Ω ≈ 5.21 mA to satisfy typical 3.5 mA minimum load requirements.",{"Resistance":222,"Tolerance":223,"Power Rating":224},"240 Ω","±1%","0.25 W",{"refDes":181,"name":226,"value":183,"role":185,"description":186,"footprint":184,"specs":227},"Voltage Adjust Potentiometer",{"Resistance":228,"Taper":229,"Power Rating":230},"5.0 kΩ","Linear (B)","0.5 W",{"refDes":188,"name":232,"value":190,"role":233,"description":234,"footprint":191,"specs":235},"Input Ceramic Bypass","Input Decoupling","Suppresses line inductance oscillations and high-frequency noise from input DC supply line. Recommended when regulator is more than 6 inches (15 cm) from main filter capacitor.",{"Capacitance":236,"Voltage":237,"Dielectric":238},"100 nF","50 V","X7R",{"refDes":195,"name":240,"value":197,"role":199,"description":200,"footprint":198,"specs":241},"Output transient capacitor",{"Capacitance":242,"Voltage":243,"Dielectric":244},"10 µF","35 V","Aluminum Electrolytic",{"refDes":202,"name":246,"value":204,"role":206,"description":207,"footprint":205,"specs":247},"Output-to-input discharge diode",{"Max Voltage":248,"Current":249,"Surge Current":250},"1000 V","IF(AV)=1A at TA=75°C with 9.5mm leads","IFSM=30A, nonrepetitive 8.3ms single half-sine superimposed on rated load, TA=25°C",{"schemaVersion":252,"id":18,"meta":253,"components":259,"nets":337,"junctions":380,"netLabels":409,"wires":410},"1.5",{"title":19,"locale":254,"grid":255,"source":256},"en",20,{"type":257,"ref":258,"url":17},"datasheet","Texas Instruments LM317 3-Pin Adjustable Regulator, SLVS044Z, revised April 2025: legacy LM317KCS pinout Figure 5-2 (p. 5), recommended conditions §6.3 (p. 6), thermal metrics §6.4 (p. 7), electrical characteristics §6.6 (p. 8), headroom §7.3.1\u002F§7.4.2 (pp. 13–14), Figure 8-1 and §8.2.1 (p. 15). Adaptation: R1=240Ω, R2=5kΩ, C1=100nF, C2=10µF\u002F35V, D1=Vishay1N4007. Secondary diode evidence: Vishay88503, electrical revision29-Apr-2020, 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stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"'Space Mono', 'SFMono-Regular', Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', monospace\" font-size=\"11\">GND\u003C\u002Ftext>\u003Ctext x=\"440\" y=\"466.4\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#18181a\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"'Space Mono', 'SFMono-Regular', Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', monospace\" font-size=\"11\">GND\u003C\u002Ftext>\u003Ctext x=\"680\" y=\"386.4\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#18181a\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"'Space Mono', 'SFMono-Regular', Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', monospace\" font-size=\"11\">GND\u003C\u002Ftext>\u003Ctext x=\"764\" y=\"196.4\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#18181a\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"'Space Mono', 'SFMono-Regular', Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', monospace\" font-size=\"11\">VOUT\u003C\u002Ftext>\u003C\u002Fsvg>",[],[],[],"canonical",null,[587,600,612],{"slug":588,"cluster":20,"tier":589,"supplyVoltage":590,"voltageSpecification":592,"signalDomain":340,"breadboardFriendly":14,"title":595,"shortDescription":596,"bomCount":597,"formulaCount":598,"search":599},"dual-rail-7815-7915-split-power-supply","Tier 2",[591],"dual_rail",{"kind":593,"value":594,"label":125},"output","+15 V and −15 V, tracking; up to 1 A (TI Figure 8)","±15 V Tracking Dual Supply (LM7815 \u002F LM7915)","The ±15 V, 1 A tracking regulator from the TI LM79xx datasheet: an LM7915 trimmed to exactly −15 V and an LM7815 whose ground pin is driven by an LM307 op-amp, so the positive rail mirrors the negative one.",14,3,"±15 v tracking dual supply (lm7815 \u002F lm7915)\nthe ±15 v, 1 a tracking regulator from the ti lm79xx datasheet: an lm7915 trimmed to exactly −15 v and an lm7815 whose ground pin is driven by an lm307 op-amp, so the positive rail mirrors the negative one.\n±15 v tracking dual supply (lm7815 \u002F lm7915)\nthe ±15 v, 1 a tracking regulator from the ti lm79xx datasheet: an lm7915 trimmed to exactly −15 v and an lm7815 whose ground pin is driven by an lm307 op-amp, so the positive rail mirrors the negative one.\n±15 v tracking dual supply (lm7815 \u002F lm7915)\nthe ±15 v, 1 a tracking regulator from the ti lm79xx datasheet: an lm7915 trimmed to exactly −15 v and an lm7815 whose ground pin is driven by an lm307 op-amp, so the positive rail mirrors the negative one.\npower_supplies\npositive voltage regulator\nlm7815\nu1\nnegative voltage regulator\nlm7915\nu2\noperational amplifier\nlm307\nu3\nresistor\n50ω\nr1\nresistor\n1kω\nr2\ntrimmer potentiometer\n5kω\nr3\nprecision resistor\n10kω 1%\nr4\nprecision resistor\n10kω 1%\nr5\naluminium electrolytic capacitor\n25µf\nc1\naluminium electrolytic capacitor\n25µf\nc2\naluminium electrolytic capacitor\n25µf\nc4\naluminium electrolytic capacitor\n25µf\nc5\nrectifier diode\n1n4001\nd1\nrectifier diode\n1n4001\nd2",{"slug":601,"cluster":20,"tier":21,"supplyVoltage":602,"voltageSpecification":605,"signalDomain":340,"breadboardFriendly":14,"title":607,"shortDescription":608,"bomCount":609,"formulaCount":610,"search":611},"lm2596-step-down-buck-converter",[603,604,591],"5v","12v",{"kind":593,"value":606,"label":125},"5.0V DC (±4% full line, load, temp: 4.80V to 5.20V)","LM2596 Step-Down Buck Converter (5V \u002F 3A)","High-efficiency 150-kHz step-down switching regulator delivering a regulated 5V output at up to 3A continuous load from a 7V–40V DC supply with minimal external components.",7,4,"lm2596 step-down buck converter (5v \u002F 3a)\nhigh-efficiency 150-khz step-down switching regulator delivering a regulated 5v output at up to 3a continuous load from a 7v–40v dc supply with minimal external components.\nlm2596 step-down buck converter (5v \u002F 3a)\nhigh-efficiency 150-khz step-down switching regulator delivering a regulated 5v output at up to 3a continuous load from a 7v–40v dc supply with minimal external components.\nlm2596 step-down buck converter (5v \u002F 3a)\nhigh-efficiency 150-khz step-down switching regulator delivering a regulated 5v output at up to 3a continuous load from a 7v–40v dc supply with minimal external components.\npower_supplies\ntexas instruments lm2596-5.0\nlm2596t-5.0\nu1\non semiconductor schottky barrier rectifier\n1n5822\nd1\npulse electronics toroidal power inductor\n33µh \u002F 3.5a\nl1\nnichicon low-esr input electrolytic capacitor\n680µf \u002F 50v\nc1\nnichicon low-esr output electrolytic capacitor\n220µf \u002F 25v\nc2\ndc power input port\n+12v dc (7v–40v)\np_vin\ndc power output port\n+5.0v dc (up to 3a)\np_vout",{"slug":613,"cluster":20,"tier":21,"supplyVoltage":614,"voltageSpecification":615,"signalDomain":340,"breadboardFriendly":14,"title":619,"shortDescription":620,"bomCount":598,"formulaCount":598,"search":621},"lm317-constant-current-source",[604],{"kind":616,"value":617,"label":618},"input","12 V selected; load voltage and regulator headroom must fit within it","Input Operating Voltage","LM317 Constant Current Source","ST LM317T current regulator with a 12.4 Ω sense resistor for about 100 mA, 12 V nominal input and an input bypass capacitor. The external load connects between IOUT and GND.","lm317 constant current source\nst lm317t current regulator with a 12.4 ω sense resistor for about 100 ma, 12 v nominal input and an input bypass capacitor. the external load connects between iout and gnd.\nlm317 constant current source\nst lm317t current regulator with a 12.4 ω sense resistor for about 100 ma, 12 v nominal input and an input bypass capacitor. the external load connects between iout and gnd.\nlm317 constant current source\nst lm317t current regulator with a 12.4 ω sense resistor for about 100 ma, 12 v nominal input and an input bypass capacitor. the external load connects between iout and gnd.\npower_supplies\nadjustable linear regulator\nlm317t\nu1\ncurrent sense resistor\n12.4ω\nr1\ninput bypass capacitor\n100nf\nc1",1793836431225]