[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":645},["ShallowReactive",2],{"schematic:lm2596-step-down-buck-converter:en":3},{"schematic":4,"title":19,"shortDescription":22,"proseSource":607,"localizationFallbackIssues":608,"related":609,"confirmations":608},{"schemaVersion":5,"governance":6,"slug":18,"title":19,"cluster":20,"tier":21,"shortDescription":22,"deepTechnicalOverview":23,"theoryOfOperation":24,"keySpecifications":25,"applications":56,"gotchas":61,"formulas":80,"bom":184,"interactiveElements":234,"circuitJson":301,"svg":602,"relatedSchematicSlugs":603,"relatedComponentSlugs":606},"1.0",{"publication":7,"verification":10,"provenance":15},{"status":8,"publishedDate":9},"published","2026-11-03",{"status":11,"verifiedDate":9,"verifiedBy":12,"checklist":13},"verified","Gemini (documentary engineering review against Texas Instruments LM2596 datasheet SNVS124G Rev. G March 2023; owner authorized next schematic publication on 2026-11-03; no physical bench test)",{"schema":14,"technicalFacts":14,"relationships":14,"sources":14},true,{"sourceUrls":16},[17],"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ti.com\u002Flit\u002Fds\u002Fsymlink\u002Flm2596.pdf","lm2596-step-down-buck-converter","LM2596 Step-Down Buck Converter (5V \u002F 3A)","power_supplies","Tier 1","High-efficiency 150-kHz step-down switching regulator delivering a regulated 5V output at up to 3A continuous load from a 7V–40V DC supply with minimal external components.","The LM2596 step-down switching regulator is a monolithic integrated circuit that provides all the active functions for a buck (step-down) switching converter. Operating at a fixed switching frequency of 150 kHz, the circuit uses an internal 3A NPN bipolar switch transistor with cycle-by-cycle current limiting and thermal shutdown protection. The fixed 5.0V output version requires only four external components: an input bypass electrolytic capacitor, a fast Schottky barrier catch diode, an energy-storage power inductor, and an output filter capacitor. The 150 kHz operating frequency permits significantly smaller filter components than low-frequency 52 kHz regulators like the LM2576. The internal control loop compares the regulated output voltage from Pin 4 (FEEDBACK) against a 1.23V bandgap reference through an internal resistive divider, dynamically modulating switch duty cycle to maintain tight line and load regulation over supply variations from 7V to 40V DC.","### 1. Input Bypassing and Charge Replenishment\nDuring each switching cycle, the high-side NPN bipolar switch inside U1 turns ON and OFF at 150 kHz, pulling high-amplitude trapezoidal current pulses directly from the DC input rail. Input capacitor C1 (680 µF \u002F 50V low-ESR electrolytic) supplies these high-frequency RMS ripple currents locally, preventing switching transients and inductive rail collapse from propagating back into the DC power source. The input voltage must remain above 7.0V to maintain regulation across the internal switch saturation dropout ($V_{SAT} \\approx 1.16\\text{V}$).\n\n### 2. High-Side Switch Conduction and Inductor Magnetization\nWhen the internal oscillator initiates a clock period, the PWM comparator asserts the drive logic, saturating the internal 3A NPN switch between Pin 1 (VIN) and Pin 2 (OUTPUT). The switch node voltage instantly rises to $V_{IN} - V_{SAT}$, reverse-biasing the Schottky catch diode D1. Current flows from Pin 1 through Pin 2 and into inductor L1 (33 µH), building a linear ramp of current at a rate determined by Faraday's law:\n$$\\frac{di_L}{dt} = \\frac{V_{IN} - V_{SAT} - V_{OUT}}{L}$$\nThis current delivers instantaneous power to the load while storing magnetic energy in the toroidal core of inductor L1.\n\n### 3. Switch Turn-Off and Catch Diode Freewheeling\nWhen the PWM comparator terminates the conduction interval, the internal NPN switch turns OFF. Because inductor current cannot change instantaneously, the collapsing magnetic field forces the voltage at Pin 2 (OUTPUT) negative with respect to ground. As Pin 2 drops below ground by approximately 0.45V, Schottky barrier diode D1 forward-biases and conducts the full inductor freewheeling current. Current circulates in the loop formed by D1, L1, C2, and the load, continuing to deliver energy smoothly during the switch OFF interval. A Schottky rectifier is strictly mandatory because standard PN junction diodes exhibit reverse recovery delays that produce destructive current spikes.\n\n### 4. Output Capacitor Filtering and Ripple Suppression\nThe triangular ripple current flowing through inductor L1 divides between output capacitor C2 (220 µF \u002F 25V) and the external DC load. C2 absorbs the AC component of the inductor current and smooths the output voltage, establishing a continuous +5.0V DC rail with typical ripple below 50 mV peak-to-peak. The magnitude of this output ripple is governed almost entirely by the Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) of C2 rather than its capacitance:\n$$\\Delta V_{OUT} \\approx \\Delta I_L \\cdot \\text{ESR}$$\n\n### 5. Closed-Loop Voltage Sensing and PWM Duty Cycle Regulation\nPin 4 (FEEDBACK) senses the DC output voltage after inductor L1. In the fixed 5.0V version of the LM2596, an internal precision resistor divider scales the 5.0V rail down to the internal 1.23V bandgap reference voltage. The internal error amplifier amplifies any difference between the divided output and reference, generating a control voltage that sets the trip threshold for the PWM comparator against the internal 150-kHz sawtooth ramp. If the load current increases or input voltage decreases, the duty cycle $D$ automatically expands, maintaining the regulated output within ±4% over full operating conditions.",[26,29,32,35,38,41,44,47,50,53],{"label":27,"value":28},"Regulated Output Voltage","5.0V DC (±4% full line, load, temp: 4.80V to 5.20V)",{"label":30,"value":31},"Input Voltage Operating Range","7.0V to 40.0V DC (12.0V nominal test point)",{"label":33,"value":34},"Maximum Continuous Output Current","3.0A DC (adequate heatsinking required)",{"label":36,"value":37},"Oscillator Switching Frequency","150 kHz typical (135 kHz min, 165 kHz max)",{"label":39,"value":40},"Typical Power Conversion Efficiency","80% at VIN=12V, IOUT=3A, VOUT=5V",{"label":42,"value":43},"Standby Quiescent Current","80 µA typical (ON\u002FOFF pin pulled high > 2.0V)",{"label":45,"value":46},"Operating Quiescent Current","5 mA typical (at VIN=12V, feedback disconnected\u002Fgrounded)",{"label":48,"value":49},"Switch Current Limit Threshold","4.5A typical (3.6A min, 6.9A max)",{"label":51,"value":52},"Internal Switch Saturation Voltage","1.16V typical at ISW=3.0A (TJ=25°C)",{"label":54,"value":55},"Output Voltage Ripple","\u003C 50 mV peak-to-peak with recommended low-ESR capacitors",[57,58,59,60],"High-efficiency 5V DC local power regulation from 12V or 24V industrial supply buses","Pre-regulator stage for linear low-dropout regulators (LDOs) to slash overall thermal dissipation","Automotive electronics and battery-powered systems requiring 7V to 40V wide input tolerance","Embedded logic and microcontroller board supplies requiring up to 3A continuous drive",[62,67,72,76],{"title":63,"trap":64,"solution":65,"severity":66},"Output Capacitor ESR Controls Switching Ripple","Using a standard general-purpose electrolytic capacitor on the output produces 200–500 mV of high-frequency ripple spikes, causing microcontroller brownout resets or feedback instability even though nominal capacitance is high.","Specify ultra-low-ESR capacitors (such as Nichicon PL\u002FHE series, Panasonic HFQ, or solid aluminum polymer capacitors) with ESR below 0.1 Ω. Output ripple is directly proportional to inductor ripple current times ESR.","warning",{"title":68,"trap":69,"solution":70,"severity":71},"Fast Schottky Catch Diode Requirement (Never Use 1N4007)","Using a standard silicon rectifier (e.g. 1N4007 or 1N5408) as catch diode D1 causes the diode to overheat catastrophically and destroy U1 within seconds due to reverse recovery charge storage (trr > 2 µs).","Always use a fast Schottky barrier diode rated for at least 3A continuous and 40V reverse standoff (e.g., 1N5822, B340A, or MBR340). Schottky diodes exhibit zero reverse recovery delay and low forward drop (VF \u003C= 0.45V).","critical",{"title":73,"trap":74,"solution":75,"severity":66},"Thermal Dissipation and Heatsinking at 3A Continuous Load","Assuming the switching regulator generates no heat at 3A load. With a 1.16V switch saturation drop and 42% duty cycle, internal power dissipation reaches 1.5W to 2.5W, overheating a bare TO-220 package (θJA = 65°C\u002FW) past the 125°C junction threshold.","Provide adequate heatsinking or at least 2 square inches of 2-ounce PCB copper plane on the ground tab for surface-mount TO-263 packages to keep junction temperature safely below 125°C during continuous 3A operation.",{"title":77,"trap":78,"solution":79,"severity":66},"PCB Layout and Feedback Trace Noise Shielding","Routing Pin 4 (FEEDBACK) close to the noisy switch node Pin 2 or under inductor L1 couples high dV\u002Fdt and dI\u002Fdt electromagnetic switching noise directly into the high-impedance error amplifier input, causing erratic pulse skipping and instability.","Route the feedback trace from the positive terminal of output capacitor C2 back to Pin 4 on the opposite side of the PCB, keeping it completely separated from the switch node (Pin 2), catch diode D1, and inductor L1. Keep the loop area between Pin 2, D1, and C1 ground minimal.",[81,108,132,154],{"name":82,"latexOrText":83,"description":84,"variables":85},"Buck Converter Duty Cycle","D = \\frac{V_{OUT} + V_D}{V_{IN} - V_{SAT} + V_D} \\approx \\frac{V_{OUT}}{V_{IN}}","Ratio of switch conduction time to total switching period. Accounts for switch saturation drop VSAT (~1.16V) and catch diode forward drop VD (~0.45V).",[86,91,95,99,103],{"symbol":87,"name":88,"typicalValue":89,"unit":90},"V_{OUT}","Regulated output voltage","5.0","V",{"symbol":92,"name":93,"typicalValue":94,"unit":90},"V_{IN}","DC input voltage","12.0",{"symbol":96,"name":97,"typicalValue":98,"unit":90},"V_D","Schottky catch diode forward drop","0.45",{"symbol":100,"name":101,"typicalValue":102,"unit":90},"V_{SAT}","Internal switch saturation drop","1.16",{"symbol":104,"name":105,"typicalValue":106,"unit":107},"D","Switch duty cycle fraction","0.48","ratio",{"name":109,"latexOrText":110,"description":111,"variables":112},"Inductor Peak-to-Peak Ripple Current","\\Delta I_L = \\frac{(V_{IN} - V_{OUT}) \\cdot D}{f_s \\cdot L}","Linear current ramp magnitude through inductor L1 during the switch conduction interval. Determines continuous conduction mode (CCM) boundary.",[113,114,115,117,122,127],{"symbol":92,"name":93,"typicalValue":94,"unit":90},{"symbol":87,"name":88,"typicalValue":89,"unit":90},{"symbol":104,"name":105,"typicalValue":116,"unit":107},"0.42",{"symbol":118,"name":119,"typicalValue":120,"unit":121},"f_s","Internal switching frequency","150000","Hz",{"symbol":123,"name":124,"typicalValue":125,"unit":126},"L","Filter inductance","0.000033","H",{"symbol":128,"name":129,"typicalValue":130,"unit":131},"\\Delta I_L","Peak-to-peak inductor ripple current","0.60","A",{"name":54,"latexOrText":133,"description":134,"variables":135},"\\Delta V_{OUT} \\approx \\Delta I_L \\cdot \\left(\\text{ESR} + \\frac{1}{8 \\cdot f_s \\cdot C_{OUT}}\\right) \\approx \\Delta I_L \\cdot \\text{ESR}","Peak-to-peak AC ripple voltage on the regulated output rail. Dominated by output capacitor Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) at 150 kHz.",[136,138,143,145,150],{"symbol":128,"name":137,"typicalValue":130,"unit":131},"Inductor ripple current",{"symbol":139,"name":140,"typicalValue":141,"unit":142},"\\text{ESR}","Output capacitor equivalent series resistance","0.05","Ω",{"symbol":118,"name":144,"typicalValue":120,"unit":121},"Switching frequency",{"symbol":146,"name":147,"typicalValue":148,"unit":149},"C_{OUT}","Output filter capacitance","0.00022","F",{"symbol":151,"name":152,"typicalValue":153,"unit":90},"\\Delta V_{OUT}","Output peak-to-peak ripple voltage","0.03",{"name":155,"latexOrText":156,"description":157,"variables":158},"LM2596 Internal Power Dissipation","P_D = (I_{OUT} \\cdot V_{SAT} \\cdot D) + (V_{IN} \\cdot I_Q) + \\left(\\frac{1}{2} \\cdot V_{IN} \\cdot I_{OUT} \\cdot (t_r + t_f) \\cdot f_s\\right)","Total power dissipated inside the monolithic regulator die, combining switch conduction loss, quiescent bias loss, and switching transition losses.",[159,163,165,167,169,173,178,179],{"symbol":160,"name":161,"typicalValue":162,"unit":131},"I_{OUT}","Continuous DC load current","3.0",{"symbol":100,"name":164,"typicalValue":102,"unit":90},"Switch saturation voltage",{"symbol":104,"name":166,"typicalValue":116,"unit":107},"Duty cycle fraction",{"symbol":92,"name":168,"typicalValue":94,"unit":90},"Input voltage",{"symbol":170,"name":171,"typicalValue":172,"unit":131},"I_Q","Operating quiescent current","0.005",{"symbol":174,"name":175,"typicalValue":176,"unit":177},"t_r + t_f","Switch rise and fall transition times","0.00000005","s",{"symbol":118,"name":144,"typicalValue":120,"unit":121},{"symbol":180,"name":181,"typicalValue":182,"unit":183},"P_D","Total die power dissipation","1.66","W",[185,194,201,208,215,221,228],{"refDes":186,"componentName":187,"value":188,"package":189,"quantity":190,"componentSlug":191,"role":192,"notes":193},"U1","Texas Instruments LM2596-5.0","LM2596T-5.0","TO-220-5",1,"lm2596","Monolithic 150-kHz 3A step-down switching regulator","TI SNVS124G Table 6-1; Pin 1 VIN, Pin 2 OUTPUT, Pin 3 GND, Pin 4 FEEDBACK, Pin 5 ON\u002FOFF. Fixed 5.0V output version.",{"refDes":195,"componentName":196,"value":197,"package":198,"quantity":190,"role":199,"notes":200},"D1","ON Semiconductor Schottky Barrier Rectifier","1N5822","DO-201AD","Freewheeling catch diode","40V reverse standoff, 3.0A continuous forward current, VF \u003C= 0.45V at 3A. Fast recovery (\u003C 10 ns) prevents reverse conduction spikes.",{"refDes":202,"componentName":203,"value":204,"package":205,"quantity":190,"role":206,"notes":207},"L1","Pulse Electronics Toroidal Power Inductor","33µH \u002F 3.5A","Through-hole Toroid","Buck energy storage and filter inductor","Pulse PE-53833 \u002F Schott 67144070; 33 µH ±15%, saturation current >= 3.6A. TI SNVS124G Table 9-1 recommended part.",{"refDes":209,"componentName":210,"value":211,"package":212,"quantity":190,"role":213,"notes":214},"C1","Nichicon Low-ESR Input Electrolytic Capacitor","680µF \u002F 50V","Radial Electrolytic","Input high-frequency ripple bypass","Nichicon PL series (UPL1H681MPH); 50V rating provides transient safety margin for 12V–40V inputs; keep leads under 6 mm from Pin 1 and Pin 3.",{"refDes":216,"componentName":217,"value":218,"package":212,"quantity":190,"role":219,"notes":220},"C2","Nichicon Low-ESR Output Electrolytic Capacitor","220µF \u002F 25V","Output smoothing filter capacitor","Nichicon PL series (UPL1E221MPH); ESR \u003C 0.08 Ω required to maintain peak-to-peak output voltage ripple under 50 mV.",{"refDes":222,"componentName":223,"value":224,"package":225,"quantity":190,"role":226,"notes":227},"P_VIN","DC Power Input Port","+12V DC (7V–40V)","Terminal Block \u002F Header","Unregulated DC supply input","Primary DC input rail; operates from 7V minimum up to 40V absolute maximum rating.",{"refDes":229,"componentName":230,"value":231,"package":225,"quantity":190,"role":232,"notes":233},"P_VOUT","DC Power Output Port","+5.0V DC (up to 3A)","Regulated 5V DC load output","Continuous regulated output rail; delivers up to 3.0A continuous load current with adequate heatsinking.",{"U1":235,"D1":246,"L1":255,"C1":265,"C2":275,"P_VIN":285,"P_VOUT":292},{"refDes":186,"name":187,"value":188,"role":236,"description":237,"componentSlug":191,"footprint":189,"specs":238},"Monolithic 150-kHz 3A Step-Down Switching Regulator","Texas Instruments SIMPLE SWITCHER® power converter containing a 3A bipolar switch, 150-kHz oscillator, 1.23V bandgap reference, error amplifier, and thermal\u002Fcurrent limit protection circuitry.",{"Output Voltage":239,"Input Voltage Range":240,"Continuous Output Current":241,"Switching Frequency":242,"Switch Saturation Drop":243,"Current Limit":244,"Quiescent Current":245},"5.0V (±4% full tolerance)","7.0V to 40.0V DC","3.0A max","150 kHz typical","1.16V typical at 3A","4.5A typical (3.6A min)","5 mA operating, 80 µA standby",{"refDes":195,"name":247,"value":197,"role":248,"description":249,"footprint":198,"specs":250},"1N5822 Schottky Barrier Rectifier","Freewheeling Catch Diode","Fast-recovery Schottky rectifier that provides a return conduction path for inductor current during the regulator switch OFF cycle, preventing switch node negative overshoots.",{"Continuous Forward Current":251,"Repetitive Reverse Voltage":252,"Forward Voltage Drop":253,"Reverse Recovery Time":254},"3.0A","40V","0.45V at 3.0A (TJ=25°C)","\u003C 10 ns (negligible)",{"refDes":202,"name":256,"value":204,"role":257,"description":258,"footprint":259,"specs":260},"Pulse PE-53833 Toroidal Inductor","Buck Energy Storage and Filter Inductor","Through-hole toroidal power inductor that stores magnetic energy during switch ON intervals and delivers energy to the output during freewheeling intervals.","Toroidal Through-Hole",{"Inductance":261,"Rated Current":262,"Saturation Current":263,"DC Resistance":264},"33 µH (±15%)","3.5A continuous",">= 4.2A","\u003C 0.04 Ω",{"refDes":209,"name":266,"value":211,"role":267,"description":268,"footprint":269,"specs":270},"Nichicon Low-ESR Input Electrolytic","Input Bulk Filter and Ripple Decoupling","Ultra-low-ESR radial electrolytic capacitor that bypasses high-frequency input ripple currents generated by the 150-kHz switching cycle.","Radial Electrolytic (12.5mm)",{"Capacitance":271,"Voltage Rating":272,"ESR":273,"Ripple Current Rating":274},"680 µF","50V DC","\u003C 0.05 Ω at 100 kHz","1.8A RMS at 105°C",{"refDes":216,"name":276,"value":218,"role":277,"description":278,"footprint":279,"specs":280},"Nichicon Low-ESR Output Electrolytic","Output Smoothing and Stability Filter","Low-ESR electrolytic filter capacitor that absorbs inductor ripple current and maintains output peak-to-peak voltage ripple below 50 mV.","Radial Electrolytic (10mm)",{"Capacitance":281,"Voltage Rating":282,"ESR":283,"Ripple Current Rating":284},"220 µF","25V DC","\u003C 0.08 Ω at 100 kHz","1.2A RMS at 105°C",{"refDes":222,"name":286,"value":224,"role":287,"description":288,"footprint":289,"specs":290},"DC Power Supply Input","Unregulated DC Input Rail","Direct connection from the upstream power source (12V battery, industrial 24V supply, or rectified DC rail).","2-pin 5.08mm Terminal Block",{"Nominal Voltage":291,"Input Range":240},"+12.0V DC",{"refDes":229,"name":293,"value":294,"role":295,"description":296,"footprint":289,"specs":297},"Regulated 5V DC Output","+5.0V DC","Regulated Low-Voltage Output Rail","Regulated low-noise 5.0V DC rail capable of driving up to 3.0A continuous load current for microcontrollers, sensors, and peripherals.",{"Output Voltage":298,"Max Load Current":299,"Output Ripple":300},"+5.0V DC (±4%)","3.0A continuous","\u003C 50 mVp-p",{"schemaVersion":302,"id":303,"meta":304,"components":310,"nets":395,"junctions":443,"netLabels":459,"wires":460},"1.5","schematic-lm2596-step-down-buck-converter",{"title":19,"locale":305,"grid":306,"source":307},"en",20,{"type":308,"ref":309,"url":17},"datasheet","Texas Instruments LM2596 SIMPLE SWITCHER® Power Converter 150-kHz 3-A Step-Down Voltage Regulator datasheet SNVS124G (Rev. G, March 2023), Figure 9-10 'Fixed Output Voltage Version' p. 27; Pin Configuration and Functions Table 6-1 p. 4; Electrical Characteristics Table 7-5 p. 7; Inductor Selection Table 9-1 p. 28.",[311,320,328,337,345,350,356,364,369,377,382,388],{"id":312,"symbolId":313,"refDes":222,"position":314,"rotation":317,"properties":318},"comp_p_vin","port.power",{"x":315,"y":316},140,40,0,{"value":319},"+12V 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'Liberation Mono', monospace\" font-size=\"11\">GND\u003C\u002Ftext>\u003Ctext x=\"440\" y=\"326.4\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#18181a\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"'Space Mono', 'SFMono-Regular', Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', monospace\" font-size=\"11\">GND\u003C\u002Ftext>\u003Ctext x=\"620\" y=\"326.4\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#18181a\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"'Space Mono', 'SFMono-Regular', Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', monospace\" font-size=\"11\">GND\u003C\u002Ftext>\u003Ctext x=\"800\" y=\"326.4\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#18181a\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"'Space Mono', 'SFMono-Regular', Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', monospace\" font-size=\"11\">GND\u003C\u002Ftext>\u003C\u002Fsvg>",[604,605],"lm7805-5v-linear-regulator-standard-decoupling","lm317-adjustable-linear-regulator",[191],"canonical",null,[610,623,635],{"slug":611,"cluster":20,"tier":612,"supplyVoltage":613,"voltageSpecification":615,"signalDomain":410,"breadboardFriendly":14,"title":618,"shortDescription":619,"bomCount":620,"formulaCount":621,"search":622},"dual-rail-7815-7915-split-power-supply","Tier 2",[614],"dual_rail",{"kind":616,"value":617,"label":27},"output","+15 V and −15 V, tracking; up to 1 A (TI Figure 8)","±15 V Tracking Dual Supply (LM7815 \u002F LM7915)","The ±15 V, 1 A tracking regulator from the TI LM79xx datasheet: an LM7915 trimmed to exactly −15 V and an LM7815 whose ground pin is driven by an LM307 op-amp, so the positive rail mirrors the negative one.",14,3,"±15 v tracking dual supply (lm7815 \u002F lm7915)\nthe ±15 v, 1 a tracking regulator from the ti lm79xx datasheet: an lm7915 trimmed to exactly −15 v and an lm7815 whose ground pin is driven by an lm307 op-amp, so the positive rail mirrors the negative one.\n±15 v tracking dual supply (lm7815 \u002F lm7915)\nthe ±15 v, 1 a tracking regulator from the ti lm79xx datasheet: an lm7915 trimmed to exactly −15 v and an lm7815 whose ground pin is driven by an lm307 op-amp, so the positive rail mirrors the negative one.\n±15 v tracking dual supply (lm7815 \u002F lm7915)\nthe ±15 v, 1 a tracking regulator from the ti lm79xx datasheet: an lm7915 trimmed to exactly −15 v and an lm7815 whose ground pin is driven by an lm307 op-amp, so the positive rail mirrors the negative one.\npower_supplies\npositive voltage regulator\nlm7815\nu1\nnegative voltage regulator\nlm7915\nu2\noperational amplifier\nlm307\nu3\nresistor\n50ω\nr1\nresistor\n1kω\nr2\ntrimmer potentiometer\n5kω\nr3\nprecision resistor\n10kω 1%\nr4\nprecision resistor\n10kω 1%\nr5\naluminium electrolytic capacitor\n25µf\nc1\naluminium electrolytic capacitor\n25µf\nc2\naluminium electrolytic capacitor\n25µf\nc4\naluminium electrolytic capacitor\n25µf\nc5\nrectifier diode\n1n4001\nd1\nrectifier diode\n1n4001\nd2",{"slug":605,"cluster":20,"tier":21,"supplyVoltage":624,"voltageSpecification":628,"signalDomain":410,"breadboardFriendly":14,"title":631,"shortDescription":632,"bomCount":633,"formulaCount":621,"search":634},[625,626,627],"5v","12v","24v",{"kind":616,"value":629,"label":630},"1.25–9V respects recommended 3V headroom with nominal 12V input; regulation also requires the specified load, temperature and power conditions","Calculated nominal setpoints","LM317 Adjustable Positive Linear Voltage Regulator","Adjustable DC voltage reference circuit using TI LM317KCS and nominal 12V input. Calculated setpoints up to 9V respect the recommended 3V headroom; usable current requires a load and thermal budget.",6,"lm317 adjustable positive linear voltage regulator\nadjustable dc voltage reference circuit using ti lm317kcs and nominal 12v input. calculated setpoints up to 9v respect the recommended 3v headroom; usable current requires a load and thermal budget.\nlm317 adjustable positive linear voltage regulator\nadjustable dc voltage reference circuit using ti lm317kcs and nominal 12v input. calculated setpoints up to 9v respect the recommended 3v headroom; usable current requires a load and thermal budget.\nlm317 adjustable positive linear voltage regulator\nadjustable dc voltage reference circuit using ti lm317kcs and nominal 12v input. calculated setpoints up to 9v respect the recommended 3v headroom; usable current requires a load and thermal budget.\npower_supplies\nadjustable positive linear voltage regulator\nlm317kcs\nu1\nprecision metal film resistor 1\u002F4w\n240ω\nr1\ncermet linear potentiometer \u002F trimmer\n5kω\nr2\nmultilayer ceramic capacitor (mlcc)\n0.1µf\nc1\naluminum electrolytic capacitor\n10µf\nc2\nstandard silicon rectifier diode\n1n4007\nd1",{"slug":636,"cluster":20,"tier":21,"supplyVoltage":637,"voltageSpecification":638,"signalDomain":410,"breadboardFriendly":14,"title":642,"shortDescription":643,"bomCount":621,"formulaCount":621,"search":644},"lm317-constant-current-source",[626],{"kind":639,"value":640,"label":641},"input","12 V selected; load voltage and regulator headroom must fit within it","Input Operating Voltage","LM317 Constant Current Source","ST LM317T current regulator with a 12.4 Ω sense resistor for about 100 mA, 12 V nominal input and an input bypass capacitor. The external load connects between IOUT and GND.","lm317 constant current source\nst lm317t current regulator with a 12.4 ω sense resistor for about 100 ma, 12 v nominal input and an input bypass capacitor. the external load connects between iout and gnd.\nlm317 constant current source\nst lm317t current regulator with a 12.4 ω sense resistor for about 100 ma, 12 v nominal input and an input bypass capacitor. the external load connects between iout and gnd.\nlm317 constant current source\nst lm317t current regulator with a 12.4 ω sense resistor for about 100 ma, 12 v nominal input and an input bypass capacitor. the external load connects between iout and gnd.\npower_supplies\nadjustable linear regulator\nlm317t\nu1\ncurrent sense resistor\n12.4ω\nr1\ninput bypass capacitor\n100nf\nc1",1793836430937]