[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":775},["ShallowReactive",2],{"schematic:uln2003a-7-channel-relay-solenoid-driver:pt":3},{"schematic":4,"title":19,"shortDescription":22,"proseSource":735,"localizationFallbackIssues":736,"related":737,"confirmations":736},{"schemaVersion":5,"governance":6,"slug":18,"title":19,"cluster":20,"tier":21,"shortDescription":22,"deepTechnicalOverview":23,"theoryOfOperation":24,"keySpecifications":25,"applications":50,"gotchas":56,"formulas":75,"bom":149,"interactiveElements":195,"circuitJson":310,"svg":730,"relatedSchematicSlugs":731,"relatedComponentSlugs":734},"1.0",{"publication":7,"verification":10,"provenance":15},{"status":8,"publishedDate":9},"published","2026-11-03",{"status":11,"verifiedDate":9,"verifiedBy":12,"checklist":13},"verified","Gemini (AI documentary, CAD and hardware-localization review against Texas Instruments SLRS027P Rev. P; owner publication authorization; no bench, simulation, independent second review or native-speaker claim)",{"schema":14,"technicalFacts":14,"relationships":14,"sources":14},true,{"sourceUrls":16},[17],"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ti.com\u002Flit\u002Fds\u002Fsymlink\u002Fuln2003a.pdf","uln2003a-7-channel-relay-solenoid-driver","ULN2003A: driver de 7 canais para relés e solenoides de carga indutiva","microcontroller_interfaces","Tier 1","Circuito driver dreno Darlington de 7 canais Texas Instruments ULN2003A para relés de 12V, solenoides e bobinas de passo com diodos de retorno integrados e desacoplamento.","O circuito driver de 7 canais para relés e solenoides ULN2003A oferece uma interface robusta de comutação em nível baixo (low-side sink) entre microcontroladores digitais de baixa potência (como sistemas AVR de 5.0 V ou ARM\u002FESP de 3.3 V) e atuadores indutivos de alta corrente (como relés eletromecânicos de 12 V, válvulas solenoides pneumáticas e bobinas de motores de passo unipolares).\n\nNo centro do circuito está a matriz de transistores Darlington Texas Instruments ULN2003A, contendo sete pares Darlington NPN monolíticos em um encapsulamento de 16 pinos. Cada par Darlington é composto por dois transistores bipolares em cascata com uma rede integrada de resistores de polarização base-emissor (resistor série de entrada de 2.7 kΩ e resistores de sangria base-emissor totalizando 7.2 kΩ). Essa configuração fornece um ganho de corrente contínua extremamente alto (hFE tipicamente de 1000 a 5000), permitindo que sinais lógicos na faixa de microamperes saturem confiavelmente correntes de coletor de até 500 mA.\n\nQuando um nível lógico ALTO (+5.0 V) é aplicado a qualquer porta de entrada (de P_IN1 a P_IN4), a corrente flui através do resistor série integrado de 2.7 kΩ para a base do transistor de entrada. Ambos os transistores do par entram em forte saturação, puxando a respectiva saída de coletor aberto (de 1C a 4C) para o terra com uma queda de tensão de saturação típica de VCE(sat) ≈ 1.1 V a 200 mA (até 1.6 V a 350 mA). Isso energiza a bobina do relé conectada (L1, L2) ou o solenoide (L3, L4), estabelecendo o fluxo magnético e atuando o mecanismo.\n\nRelés eletromecânicos e solenoides armazenam energia magnética substancial em seus enrolamentos indutivos (E = 1\u002F2 * L * I^2). Quando a entrada comuta para nível lógico BAIXO (0 V), o par Darlington desliga bruscamente. Pela lei de indução de Faraday-Lenz (V = -L * dI\u002Fdt), a interrupção repentina da corrente induz um pico de tensão severo no coletor aberto, capaz de ultrapassar 100 V e destruir a junção do semicondutor. O ULN2003A integra diodos de recirculação (flyback clamp) para cada canal com todos os catodos conectados internamente ao pino 9 (COM). Conectando o pino 9 diretamente à linha positiva de alimentação de +12 V, qualquer transiente acima de (+12 V + VF ≈ 13.2 V) polariza diretamente o diodo de supressão interno, circulando a corrente de descarga com segurança através da bobina até a extinção do campo magnético.\n\nA integridade do barramento de alimentação é mantida pelo capacitor cerâmico de alta frequência C1 (100 nF) e pelo capacitor eletrolítico de reservatório C2 (100 µF) posicionados junto à linha de carga. C1 desvia transientes rápidos de comutação dI\u002Fdt, enquanto C2 evita afundamentos de tensão causados pela corrente de atracamento inicial das bobinas.","O funcionamento do driver de carga indutiva de 7 canais ULN2003A divide-se em cinco estágios elétricos e magnéticos sequenciais:\n\n1. **Ativação da entrada lógica e condução da base Darlington:** Quando o microcontrolador aciona a entrada (por exemplo, P_IN1) em nível ALTO (+5.0 V), a corrente entra no pino 1 através do resistor série interno de 2.7 kΩ. A tensão ultrapassa o limiar combinado de condução das duas junções base-emissor (VBE1 + VBE2 ≈ 1.4 V), fornecendo ~1.3 mA de corrente de base. O par Darlington entra rapidamente em condução.\n\n2. **Energização da bobina indutiva e dreno para o terra:** O transistor de saída satura, conduzindo o pino 16 (1C) para VCE(sat) ≈ 1.1 V em relação ao terra (pino 8). A bobina do relé L1 recebe uma tensão diferencial efetiva de VCC - VCE(sat) ≈ 12 V - 1.1 V = 10.9 V. A corrente cresce exponencialmente segundo i(t) = (V\u002FR) * (1 - e^(-t \u002F tau)), onde tau = L \u002F R, até que a força magnética de atracamento da armadura seja atingida.\n\n3. **Saturação em regime permanente e dissipação térmica:** Em regime contínuo, a corrente se estabiliza em IC = (VCC - VCE(sat)) \u002F R_coil. O par Darlington dissipa potência elétrica PD = VCE(sat) * IC + VIN * IIN. Com quatro canais conduzindo 150 mA cada, a dissipação total permanece confortavelmente dentro do limite de 1.0 W do encapsulamento PDIP-16 (resistência térmica junção-ambiente R_thetaJA = 67 °C\u002FW).\n\n4. **Corte da entrada e supressão de retorno indutivo (Flyback Clamping):** Quando a entrada retorna a nível BAIXO (0 V), a corrente de base cessa e a chave desliga em menos de 0.5 µs. A interrupção súbita da corrente gera um transiente indutivo imediato (V_L = -L * dI\u002Fdt). A tensão de coletor ultrapassa a linha de +12 V até polarizar diretamente o diodo de recirculação interno em V_clamp = VCC + VF ≈ 12 V + 1.2 V = 13.2 V. A energia armazenada (E = 1\u002F2 * L * I^2) circula pela malha do diodo, dissipando-se com segurança em forma de calor na resistência do enrolamento.\n\n5. **Desacoplamento da linha de alimentação e retorno de terra:** O chaveamento de cargas indutivas gera ruídos transitórios dI\u002Fdt no barramento de +12 V. O capacitor cerâmico C1 (100 nF) desvia picos de alta frequência para o terra, enquanto o capacitor eletrolítico C2 (100 µF) fornece armazenamento local de carga, prevenindo quedas de tensão no controlador lógico.",[26,29,32,35,38,41,44,47],{"label":27,"value":28},"Tensão nominal da linha de carga (VCC)","+12.0 V DC (faixa de operação de +4.5 V a +50 V DC)",{"label":30,"value":31},"Nível lógico de entrada de controle","+5.0 V DC TTL\u002FCMOS (compatível com +3.3 V com redução de corrente)",{"label":33,"value":34},"Corrente contínua de coletor (dreno)","500 mA de pico, 350 mA contínuo por canal",{"label":36,"value":37},"Tensão de ruptura coletor-emissor (VCE(BR))","50 V DC mínimo em toda a faixa de temperatura",{"label":39,"value":40},"Tensão de saturação coletor-emissor (VCE(sat))","1.1 V típico a IC = 200 mA; 1.6 V máx a IC = 350 mA",{"label":42,"value":43},"Corrente direta máxima do diodo de retorno","500 mA (compatível com a corrente nominal do canal)",{"label":45,"value":46},"Tensão reversa de ruptura do diodo de retorno","50 V DC mínimo",{"label":48,"value":49},"Limite de dissipação de potência do encapsulamento (PD)","1.0 W (PDIP-16 a TA \u003C= 25 °C, redução de 8.0 mW\u002F°C acima de 25 °C)",[51,52,53,54,55],"Controle multicanal de bancada de relés eletromecânicos de 12V por microcontroladores (Arduino, STM32, PIC, ESP32)","Acionamento sequencial de válvulas solenoides pneumáticas e hidráulicas de 12V \u002F 24V em automação","Excitação de fases para motores de passo unipolares de 4 bobinas (ex.: 28BYJ-48 de 5V\u002F12V)","Dreno de corrente em nível baixo para matrizes de LED de alta potência e displays de 7 segmentos","Chaveamento unidirecional e controle de velocidade via PWM de motores DC com escovas",[57,62,67,71],{"title":58,"trap":59,"solution":60,"severity":61},"Pino COM desconectado destrói os transistores de saída","Deixar o pino 9 (COM) flutuando desconecta os diodos de retorno internos do barramento de carga. Ao desligar relés ou solenoides, picos indutivos ultrapassam 50V e provocam queima imediata por avalanche na junção coletor-emissor.","Sempre conecte o pino 9 (COM) diretamente à linha positiva de alimentação de +12V das bobinas. Mantenha capacitores de desacoplamento próximos para reduzir indutâncias parasitas.","critical",{"title":63,"trap":64,"solution":65,"severity":66},"Queda de saturação Darlington (1.1V a 1.6V) reduz a tensão da bobina","Diferente de MOSFETs de potência com baixo RDS(on), o par Darlington apresenta queda inerente de VCE(sat) ≈ 1.1V a 1.6V. Um relé de 12V recebe na prática apenas 10.4V a 10.9V, o que pode causar falha de atracamento em caso de variações na fonte.","Certifique-se de que a tensão mínima de operação do relé ou solenoide (tipicamente 70% a 80% da nominal) seja garantida a 10.5V, ou ajuste a fonte externa para +12.5V.","warning",{"title":68,"trap":69,"solution":70,"severity":61},"Corrente de terra cumulativa excede o limite de 2.5A do pino","Embora cada canal suporte 500mA de pico, ligar simultaneamente os sete canais a 500mA exige 3.5A no pino 8 (E), rompendo o fio interno do encapsulamento e violando o envelope térmico de 1.0W.","Limite a corrente contínua total pelo pino 8 a \u003C= 1.5A a 2.0A. Para cargas pesadas, escalone os tempos de acionamento ou divida a carga entre múltiplos circuitos integrados.",{"title":72,"trap":73,"solution":74,"severity":66},"Redução de margem de corrente com controle direto por lógica de 3.3V","O resistor de base interno de 2.7 kΩ foi projetado para sinais TTL\u002FCMOS de 5.0V. Acionar as entradas com microcontroladores de 3.3V (ESP32, Raspberry Pi Pico) fornece apenas ~0.7mA de corrente de base, limitando a capacidade de dreno a ~200mA por canal.","Para cargas acima de 200mA controladas por lógica 3.3V, ligue em paralelo dois canais adjacentes (entradas e saídas unidas) ou utilize drivers de baixa tensão como o ULN2003LV ou MOSFETs.",[76,100,116,133],{"name":77,"latexOrText":78,"description":79,"variables":80},"Corrente de atracamento da bobina do relé em saturação","I_C = \\frac{V_{CC} - V_{CE(sat)}}{R_{coil}}","Calcula a corrente de coletor em regime contínuo através da bobina do relé ou solenoide, levando em conta a queda de saturação do par Darlington.",[81,86,91,95],{"symbol":82,"name":83,"typicalValue":84,"unit":85},"I_C","Corrente de coletor (dreno)","150","mA",{"symbol":87,"name":88,"typicalValue":89,"unit":90},"V_{CC}","Tensão da linha de carga","12.0","V",{"symbol":92,"name":93,"typicalValue":94,"unit":90},"V_{CE(sat)}","Tensão de saturação coletor-emissor","1.1",{"symbol":96,"name":97,"typicalValue":98,"unit":99},"R_{coil}","Resistência DC da bobina do relé","72","Ω",{"name":101,"latexOrText":102,"description":103,"variables":104},"Energia magnética indutiva armazenada","E_L = \\frac{1}{2} L \\cdot I_C^2","Determina a energia magnética total armazenada no enrolamento indutivo que deve ser absorvida com segurança pelo diodo de retorno ao desligar.",[105,110,114],{"symbol":106,"name":107,"typicalValue":108,"unit":109},"E_L","Energia magnética armazenada","1.69","mJ",{"symbol":111,"name":112,"typicalValue":84,"unit":113},"L","Indutância da bobina","mH",{"symbol":82,"name":115,"typicalValue":84,"unit":85},"Corrente da bobina em regime",{"name":117,"latexOrText":118,"description":119,"variables":120},"Potência dissipada no diodo de retorno","P_{clamp} = E_L \\cdot f_{switch} = \\frac{1}{2} L \\cdot I_C^2 \\cdot f_{switch}","Calcula a potência térmica média dissipada no diodo de recirculação interno sob frequências repetitivas de comutação.",[121,126,128],{"symbol":122,"name":123,"typicalValue":124,"unit":125},"P_{clamp}","Dissipação média de potência do diodo","16.9","mW",{"symbol":106,"name":127,"typicalValue":108,"unit":109},"Energia magnética por pulso",{"symbol":129,"name":130,"typicalValue":131,"unit":132},"f_{switch}","Frequência de acionamento \u002F comutação","10","Hz",{"name":134,"latexOrText":135,"description":136,"variables":137},"Dissipação total de potência do encapsulamento","P_D = \\sum_{k=1}^{n} \\left( V_{CE(sat),k} \\cdot I_{C,k} \\cdot D_k + V_{IN,k} \\cdot I_{IN,k} \\cdot D_k \\right)","Calcula a potência térmica total desenvolvida em todos os canais ativos para manter a temperatura de junção abaixo do limite absoluto de 150 °C.",[138,142,143,145],{"symbol":139,"name":140,"typicalValue":141,"unit":125},"P_D","Dissipação total de potência","660",{"symbol":92,"name":93,"typicalValue":94,"unit":90},{"symbol":82,"name":144,"typicalValue":84,"unit":85},"Corrente de coletor por canal",{"symbol":146,"name":147,"typicalValue":5,"unit":148},"D","Ciclo de trabalho do canal (Duty Cycle)","ratio",[150,159,166,170,177,181,188],{"refDes":151,"componentName":152,"value":153,"package":154,"quantity":155,"componentSlug":156,"role":157,"notes":158},"U1","Matriz de 7 transistores Darlington","ULN2003A","PDIP-16",1,"uln2003a","Driver multicanal de dreno para cargas indutivas","Texas Instruments ULN2003AN; 50V \u002F 500mA por canal, diodos de supressão integrados com catodo comum (COM).",{"refDes":160,"componentName":161,"value":162,"package":163,"quantity":155,"role":164,"notes":165},"L1","Relé eletromecânico miniatura SPDT de 12V 1","Omron G5V-1-DC12","DIP-6","Carga indutiva de relé do canal 1","Omron Electronic Components G5V-1-DC12; bobina de 12V DC, resistência nominal de 960 Ω (~12.5 mA corrente de disparo), contatos de 1A.",{"refDes":167,"componentName":168,"value":162,"package":163,"quantity":155,"role":169,"notes":165},"L2","Relé eletromecânico miniatura SPDT de 12V 2","Carga indutiva de relé do canal 2",{"refDes":171,"componentName":172,"value":173,"package":174,"quantity":155,"role":175,"notes":176},"L3","Solenoide linear de tração de 12V DC 1","JF-0530B-12V","Chassis Mount \u002F Flying Leads","Carga indutiva de alta corrente do canal 3","Atuador solenoide de 12V DC de estrutura aberta; resistência da bobina ~40 Ω (~300 mA corrente contínua de retenção, força de 5N).",{"refDes":178,"componentName":179,"value":173,"package":174,"quantity":155,"role":180,"notes":176},"L4","Solenoide linear de tração de 12V DC 2","Carga indutiva de alta corrente do canal 4",{"refDes":182,"componentName":183,"value":184,"package":185,"quantity":155,"role":186,"notes":187},"C1","Capacitor cerâmico multicamada de desacoplamento","100nF","0805 \u002F Radial","Desvio de alta frequência da linha de alimentação","KEMET C320C104K5R5TA; 100nF 50V cerâmico X7R, desvia transientes rápidos dI\u002Fdt junto ao pino 9 (COM) de U1.",{"refDes":189,"componentName":190,"value":191,"package":192,"quantity":155,"role":193,"notes":194},"C2","Capacitor eletrolítico de alumínio de reservatório","100µF","Radial 6.3x11mm","Reservatório de carga para correntes de partida","Nichicon UVR1E101MDD; 100µF 25V eletrolítico radial, absorve correntes de partida e evita afundamentos de tensão.",{"U1":196,"P_IN1":206,"P_IN2":217,"P_IN3":224,"P_IN4":231,"P_VLOAD":238,"L1":248,"L2":258,"L3":264,"L4":273,"C1":278,"C2":286,"GND1":294,"GND2":303},{"refDes":151,"name":197,"value":153,"role":157,"description":198,"componentSlug":156,"footprint":199,"specs":200},"Matriz de transistores Darlington ULN2003A (7 canais)","Sete pares Darlington NPN monolíticos de 50V\u002F500mA com resistores de base e diodos de retorno de catodo comum integrados.","PDIP-16 \u002F SOIC-16",{"Canais":201,"Tensão máxima de coletor (VCE)":202,"Corrente máxima de coletor (IC)":203,"Tensão de saturação (VCE(sat))":204,"Diodos de supressão integrados":205},"7 drenos independentes de nível baixo (low-side)","50 V DC","500 mA de pico, 350 mA contínuo","1.1 V típico a 200 mA","7 diodos com catodo comum no pino 9 (COM)",{"refDes":207,"name":208,"value":209,"role":210,"description":211,"footprint":212,"specs":213},"P_IN1","Entrada lógica 1 (Controle do Relé 1)","IN1","Porta digital de controle do canal 1","Entrada lógica digital 5V TTL\u002FCMOS (ativo em nível alto) que aciona o canal Darlington 1 (pino 1 a 16).","2.54mm Pin Header",{"Tensão de entrada (VI)":214,"Resistor série interno":215,"Corrente nominal de entrada":216},"+5.0 V nominal (ativo em nível alto)","2.7 kΩ","1.3 mA a 5.0 V",{"refDes":218,"name":219,"value":220,"role":221,"description":222,"footprint":212,"specs":223},"P_IN2","Entrada lógica 2 (Controle do Relé 2)","IN2","Porta digital de controle do canal 2","Entrada lógica digital 5V TTL\u002FCMOS (ativo em nível alto) que aciona o canal Darlington 2 (pino 2 a 15).",{"Tensão de entrada (VI)":214,"Resistor série interno":215,"Corrente nominal de entrada":216},{"refDes":225,"name":226,"value":227,"role":228,"description":229,"footprint":212,"specs":230},"P_IN3","Entrada lógica 3 (Controle do Solenoide 1)","IN3","Porta digital de controle do canal 3","Entrada lógica digital 5V TTL\u002FCMOS (ativo em nível alto) que aciona o canal Darlington 3 (pino 3 a 14).",{"Tensão de entrada (VI)":214,"Resistor série interno":215,"Corrente nominal de entrada":216},{"refDes":232,"name":233,"value":234,"role":235,"description":236,"footprint":212,"specs":237},"P_IN4","Entrada lógica 4 (Controle do Solenoide 2)","IN4","Porta digital de controle do canal 4","Entrada lógica digital 5V TTL\u002FCMOS (ativo em nível alto) que aciona o canal Darlington 4 (pino 4 a 13).",{"Tensão de entrada (VI)":214,"Resistor série interno":215,"Corrente nominal de entrada":216},{"refDes":239,"name":240,"value":241,"role":242,"description":243,"footprint":244,"specs":245},"P_VLOAD","Linha de alimentação de carga +12V DC","+12V","Alimentação principal dos atuadores indutivos","Barramento externo de +12V DC que supre as bobinas dos relés, solenoides e o catodo comum dos diodos de supressão.","5.08mm Screw Terminal \u002F DC Jack",{"Tensão nominal":246,"Capacidade de corrente recomendada":247},"+12.0 V DC","capacidade mínima de 2.0 A",{"refDes":160,"name":249,"value":250,"role":251,"description":252,"footprint":253,"specs":254},"Bobina do relé eletromecânico 1 de 12V DC","RELAY 1 (12V)","Atuador indutivo do relé 1","Bobina de relé SPDT miniatura energizada ao colocar o canal 1 em nível ALTO.","DIP-6 Through-Hole",{"Tensão nominal da bobina":255,"Resistência da bobina":256,"Corrente nominal":257},"12 V DC","960 Ω","12.5 mA",{"refDes":167,"name":259,"value":260,"role":261,"description":262,"footprint":253,"specs":263},"Bobina do relé eletromecânico 2 de 12V DC","RELAY 2 (12V)","Atuador indutivo do relé 2","Bobina de relé SPDT miniatura energizada ao colocar o canal 2 em nível ALTO.",{"Tensão nominal da bobina":255,"Resistência da bobina":256,"Corrente nominal":257},{"refDes":171,"name":265,"value":266,"role":267,"description":268,"footprint":269,"specs":270},"Solenoide linear de tração 1 de 12V DC","SOLENOID 1 (12V)","Atuador indutivo de alta corrente 1","Solenoide tubular ou aberto de 12V DC para posicionamento mecânico linear.","Chassis Mount \u002F Lead Wires",{"Tensão nominal de operação":255,"Resistência da bobina":271,"Corrente nominal de retenção":272},"40 Ω","300 mA",{"refDes":178,"name":274,"value":275,"role":276,"description":268,"footprint":269,"specs":277},"Solenoide linear de tração 2 de 12V DC","SOLENOID 2 (12V)","Atuador indutivo de alta corrente 2",{"Tensão nominal de operação":255,"Resistência da bobina":271,"Corrente nominal de retenção":272},{"refDes":182,"name":279,"value":184,"role":280,"description":281,"footprint":282,"specs":283},"Capacitor cerâmico de bypass de alta frequência","Desacoplamento de alta frequência da linha","Capacitor cerâmico multicamada 100 nF 50V X7R para desviar transientes rápidos dI\u002Fdt no barramento de diodos.","0805 \u002F Radial 5.08mm",{"Capacitância":284,"Tensão nominal":202,"Dielétrico":285},"100 nF (0.1 µF)","Cerâmica X7R",{"refDes":189,"name":287,"value":191,"role":288,"description":289,"footprint":192,"specs":290},"Capacitor eletrolítico de reservatório","Reservatório de carga para picos de corrente","Capacitor eletrolítico de alumínio 100 µF 25V para evitar afundamentos de tensão no acionamento das bobinas.",{"Capacitância":291,"Tensão nominal":292,"Resistência série equivalente (ESR)":293},"100 µF","25 V DC","\u003C 0.4 Ω at 100 kHz",{"refDes":295,"name":296,"value":297,"role":298,"description":299,"footprint":300,"specs":301},"GND1","Terra do driver e retorno de emissor comum","GND","Terra de potência de referência (U1 Pin 8)","Caminho principal de retorno de corrente para os sete estágios emissores Darlington.","PCB Ground Plane",{"Corrente contínua máxima":302},"limite de 2.5 A do pino do encapsulamento",{"refDes":304,"name":305,"value":297,"role":306,"description":307,"footprint":300,"specs":308},"GND2","Terra de referência do desacoplamento da fonte","Retorno de terra de filtragem","Ponto de retorno de terra para a rede de desacoplamento de alimentação (C1, C2).",{"Potencial de referência":309},"0.0 V DC",{"schemaVersion":311,"id":18,"meta":312,"components":318,"nets":401,"junctions":480,"netLabels":510,"wires":511},"1.5",{"title":19,"locale":313,"grid":314,"source":315},"pt",20,{"type":316,"ref":317,"url":17},"datasheet","Texas Instruments ULN2003A Datasheet SLRS027P Section 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stroke=\"none\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fsvg>",[732,733],"l293d-dual-h-bridge-dc-motor-driver","pc817-optocoupler-isolated-logic-interface",[156],"overlay",null,[738,754,764],{"slug":739,"cluster":20,"tier":21,"supplyVoltage":740,"voltageSpecification":744,"signalDomain":748,"breadboardFriendly":14,"title":749,"shortDescription":750,"bomCount":751,"formulaCount":752,"search":753},"2n2222-relay-driver-flyback-protection",[741,742,743],"3.3v","5v","12v",{"kind":745,"value":746,"label":747},"supply","+12.0 V CC nominal (faixa operacional de +10.8 V a +13.2 V)","Tensão de alimentação do relé (VLOAD)","digital","Driver de relé com BJT NPN 2N2222 \u002F 2N2222A e diodo flyback 1N4007","Circuito de chaveamento de lado baixo com transistor bipolar NPN para relé de 12V com diodo flyback 1N4007, acionamento por saturação e desacoplamento de alimentação para MCU de 3.3V\u002F5V.",7,4,"driver de relé com bjt npn 2n2222 \u002F 2n2222a e diodo flyback 1n4007\ncircuito de chaveamento de lado baixo com transistor bipolar npn para relé de 12v com diodo flyback 1n4007, acionamento por saturação e desacoplamento de alimentação para mcu de 3.3v\u002F5v.\ndriver de relé com bjt npn 2n2222 \u002F 2n2222a e diodo flyback 1n4007\ncircuito de chaveamento de lado baixo com transistor bipolar npn para relé de 12v com diodo flyback 1n4007, acionamento por saturação e desacoplamento de alimentação para mcu de 3.3v\u002F5v.\n2n2222 \u002F 2n2222a npn bjt relay driver with 1n4007 flyback clamping diode\ndiscrete npn bipolar junction transistor low-side relay driver circuit with 1n4007 flyback suppression diode, base saturation drive, and supply decoupling for 3.3v\u002F5v mcu control.\nmicrocontroller_interfaces\ntransistor bipolar npn de uso geral\n2n2222a\nq1\ndiodo retificador \u002F grampeador de uso geral\n1n4007\nd1\nrelé subminiatura eletromecânico spdt\ng5v-1-dc12\nk1\nresistor limitador de base 1 kω\n1kω\nr1\nresistor pull-down de base 10 kω\n10kω\nr2\ncapacitor cerâmico de desacoplamento mlcc\n100nf 50v\nc1\ncapacitor eletrolítico de desacoplamento de alumínio\n47µf 25v\nc2",{"slug":755,"cluster":20,"tier":21,"supplyVoltage":756,"voltageSpecification":757,"signalDomain":748,"breadboardFriendly":14,"title":760,"shortDescription":761,"bomCount":762,"formulaCount":752,"search":763},"bss138-bidirectional-i2c-level-shifter",[741,742],{"kind":745,"value":758,"label":759},"+3,3 V CC nominal (faixa operacional de +1,65 V a +3,6 V)","Alimentação de baixa tensão (VDD1)","Conversor de nível lógico bidirecional I2C de 3,3 V para 5 V com BSS138","Tradutor de nível de tensão bidirecional para barramento I2C que conecta domínios lógicos de 3,3 V e 5 V utilizando dois MOSFETs de canal N onsemi BSS138 com resistores pull-up e desacoplamento de alimentação.",8,"conversor de nível lógico bidirecional i2c de 3,3 v para 5 v com bss138\ntradutor de nível de tensão bidirecional para barramento i2c que conecta domínios lógicos de 3,3 v e 5 v utilizando dois mosfets de canal n onsemi bss138 com resistores pull-up e desacoplamento de alimentação.\nconversor de nível lógico bidirecional i2c de 3,3 v para 5 v com bss138\ntradutor de nível de tensão bidirecional para barramento i2c que conecta domínios lógicos de 3,3 v e 5 v utilizando dois mosfets de canal n onsemi bss138 com resistores pull-up e desacoplamento de alimentação.\nbss138 bidirectional i2c 3.3v to 5v level shifter\nbidirectional i2c bus voltage level translator interfacing 3.3v and 5v logic domains using two onsemi bss138 n-channel mosfets with pull-up resistors and decoupled supplies.\nmicrocontroller_interfaces\nmosfet de nível lógico de canal n\nbss138\nq1\nmosfet de nível lógico de canal n\nbss138\nq2\nresistor chip smd\n10kω\nr1\nresistor chip smd\n10kω\nr2\nresistor chip smd\n10kω\nr3\nresistor chip smd\n10kω\nr4\ncapacitor cerâmico multicamada\n100nf\nc1\ncapacitor cerâmico multicamada\n100nf\nc2",{"slug":765,"cluster":20,"tier":21,"supplyVoltage":766,"voltageSpecification":767,"signalDomain":748,"breadboardFriendly":14,"title":771,"shortDescription":772,"bomCount":762,"formulaCount":773,"search":774},"esp32-auto-reset-flashing-circuit",[741],{"kind":768,"value":769,"label":770},"logic","3,3 V (VDD33 na DevKitC V4)","Nível lógico de operação","Circuito de reset automático e boot do ESP32 (DTR\u002FRTS)","O circuito de dois transistores das placas de desenvolvimento da Espressif com o qual o esptool, o Arduino IDE e o PlatformIO resetam um ESP32 e iniciam seu bootloader serial pelas linhas DTR e RTS de uma ponte USB-UART, sem apertar botões.",3,"circuito de reset automático e boot do esp32 (dtr\u002Frts)\no circuito de dois transistores das placas de desenvolvimento da espressif com o qual o esptool, o arduino ide e o platformio resetam um esp32 e iniciam seu bootloader serial pelas linhas dtr e rts de uma ponte usb-uart, sem apertar botões.\ncircuito de reset automático e boot do esp32 (dtr\u002Frts)\no circuito de dois transistores das placas de desenvolvimento da espressif com o qual o esptool, o arduino ide e o platformio resetam um esp32 e iniciam seu bootloader serial pelas linhas dtr e rts de uma ponte usb-uart, sem apertar botões.\nesp32 auto-reset and boot circuit (dtr\u002Frts)\nthe two-transistor circuit from espressif development boards that lets esptool, arduino ide and platformio reset an esp32 and start its serial bootloader through the dtr and rts lines of a usb-to-uart bridge, with no buttons pressed.\nmicrocontroller_interfaces\ntransistor npn de pequenos sinais\n2n3904\nq1\ntransistor npn de pequenos sinais\n2n3904\nq2\nresistor fixo\n10kω\nr1\nresistor fixo\n10kω\nr2\nresistor fixo\n10kω\nr3\ncapacitor cerâmico\n1µf\nc1\nchave táctil\nboot\nsw1\nchave táctil\nen\nsw2",1793836435324]