[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":641},["ShallowReactive",2],{"schematic:lm7805-5v-linear-regulator-standard-decoupling:pt":3},{"schematic":4,"title":19,"shortDescription":22,"proseSource":602,"localizationFallbackIssues":603,"related":604,"confirmations":603},{"schemaVersion":5,"governance":6,"slug":18,"title":19,"cluster":20,"tier":21,"shortDescription":22,"deepTechnicalOverview":23,"theoryOfOperation":24,"keySpecifications":25,"applications":47,"gotchas":51,"formulas":70,"bom":129,"interactiveElements":186,"circuitJson":207,"svg":598,"relatedSchematicSlugs":599,"relatedComponentSlugs":600,"relatedBoardSlugs":601},"1.0",{"publication":7,"verification":10,"provenance":15},{"status":8,"publishedDate":9},"published","2026-10-13",{"status":11,"verifiedDate":9,"verifiedBy":12,"checklist":13},"verified","Codex (documentary engineering review against ST DS0422 Rev38 and Vishay88503; owner authorized next schematic publication on 2026-10-13; no physical bench test)",{"schema":14,"technicalFacts":14,"relationships":14,"sources":14},true,{"sourceUrls":16},[17],"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.st.com\u002Fresource\u002Fen\u002Fdatasheet\u002Fl78.pdf","lm7805-5v-linear-regulator-standard-decoupling","Regulador linear LM7805 de 5 V com desacoplamento (L7805CV)","power_supplies","Tier 1","Fonte nominal de 9 V para 5 V com ST L7805CV, capacitores de desacoplamento de entrada\u002Fsaída, diodo de descarga e indicador LED. Inclui especificações condicionais e cálculos térmicos.","Este circuito usa STMicroelectronics L7805CV em TO-220. Os valores vêm do datasheet ST L78 DS0422 Rev 38 (fevereiro de 2025), não das versões onsemi ou TI da família 7805. A página vinculada do componente LM7805 é uma referência da família; para U1 use os limites ST apresentados aqui. O desenho adapta a aplicação de saída fixa da figura 8 (página 22), acrescentando reserva de carga, um ramo LED e um caminho opcional de descarga da saída para a entrada.\n\nA entrada ilustrada é 9 V DC e a saída é nominalmente 5 V. A tabela 10 (página 13) especifica 4,75–5,25 V com VIN=7–18 V, IOUT=5 mA–1 A e TJ=0–125 °C; a linha mais estreita de 4,8–5,2 V aplica-se com TJ=25 °C nas condições da tabela. São especificações do CI, não uma corrente contínua testada para este conjunto. A corrente disponível depende de temperatura, tensão de entrada, layout e refrigeração.\n\nC2=330 nF e C3=100 nF seguem os valores de desacoplamento de entrada\u002Fsaída da figura 8. A ST exige desacoplamento de entrada quando o regulador está longe do filtro de alimentação; o capacitor de saída melhora a resposta transitória e não é necessário para estabilidade. C1=10 µF e C4=100 µF fornecem reserva local adicional. Mantenha conexões curtas e verifique os capacitores escolhidos sob polarização e temperatura.\n\nD1 é um Vishay 1N4007 em DO-41, com ânodo em VOUT e cátodo em VIN. É um caminho adicional de descarga, não proteção contra polaridade de entrada invertida. A figura 27 da ST (página 29) trata de descarga reversa destrutiva em cargas de alta capacitância acima de 6 V; não demonstra que este circuito de 5 V\u002F100 µF sempre precise de D1 ou falhe sem ele. Verifique a energia de descarga e a capacidade da fonte de entrada de aceitar corrente devolvida. As especificações D1 vêm separadamente de Vishay 88503: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.vishay.com\u002Fdocs\u002F88503\u002F1n4001.pdf .\n\nR1=330 Ω limita a corrente de um LED verde genérico. O LED indica presença de tensão; não verifica precisão de saída nem temporização power-good. Não se afirma teste físico em bancada, qualificação para transientes automotivos nem corrente nominal completa do conjunto.","### 1. Desacoplamento de entrada e regulação\nP_VIN fornece 9 V DC nominais ao pino 1 de U1. C1 e C2 conectam-se à rede comum de terra. U1 regula o pino 3 em relação ao pino 2 (GND); a aba TO-220 também é terra. O regulador dissipa a diferença de tensão entre entrada e saída como calor.\n\n### 2. Reserva de saída e indicação\nC3 e C4 conectam-se de VOUT a GND. R1 e LED1 formam um ramo série separado. Inclua a corrente LED na corrente total de saída do regulador. A tabela 10 especifica carga mínima de 5 mA para regulação; não presuma que um ramo LED genérico garanta esse mínimo em todas as condições.\n\n### 3. Dropout e condições da fonte\nO dropout de 2 V é típico com IOUT=1 A e TJ=25 °C, não uma margem universal garantida. Use as condições de tensão, carga e temperatura da tabela 10 e considere ondulação e perdas na fiação. Uma fonte nominal de 6 V está fora dessa especificação de tensão de saída.\n\n### 4. Cálculo térmico\nEstime a dissipação com a corrente total de saída, incluindo o indicador:\n$$P_D \\approx (V_{IN}-V_{OUT}) I_{OUT}+V_{IN} I_G$$\nPara o exemplo VIN=9 V, VOUT=5 V, IOUT=0,1 A e IG assumido de 0,008 A, PD≈0,472 W. Os 8 mA são o máximo da tabela 10 com TJ=25 °C, não um máximo garantido em todas as temperaturas. Com RthJA=50 °C\u002FW do TO-220 no datasheet e TA assumida de 25 °C, a estimativa simples é TJ≈48,6 °C. A montagem real altera a resistência térmica; valide o conjunto final. O desligamento térmico é proteção, não um ponto de projeto especificado de 150 °C.\n\n### 5. Descarga da saída para a entrada\nD1 normalmente bloqueia porque VIN excede VOUT. Se VIN cair abaixo da saída carregada, D1 pode conduzir de volta à entrada. Não limita sozinho o surto de corrente do capacitor. Avalie falhas de entrada, impedância de descarga e capacidade de pulso do diodo para a fonte prevista.",[26,29,32,35,38,41,44],{"label":27,"value":28},"Alimentação ilustrada","Entrada nominal de 9 V DC; saída nominal de 5 V; sem medição em bancada",{"label":30,"value":31},"Tensão de saída regulada","4,75–5,25 V com VIN=7–18 V, IOUT=5 mA–1 A, TJ=0–125 °C (ST, tabela 10)",{"label":33,"value":34},"Corrente de carga do conjunto","Não estabelecida; calcule temperatura e refrigeração para a carga prevista",{"label":36,"value":37},"Queda mínima de tensão (dropout)","2 V típicos com IOUT=1 A, TJ=25 °C (ST, tabela 10)",{"label":39,"value":40},"Corrente de terra","Máximo de 8 mA com TJ=25 °C nas condições da tabela 10 da ST",{"label":42,"value":43},"Faixa operacional de temperatura de junção U1","0–125 °C para L7805C (ST, tabela 1)",{"label":45,"value":46},"Limite absoluto de tensão de entrada U1","35 V (ST, tabela 1); não é uma especificação operacional do conjunto",[48,49,50],"Alimentação local de 5 V DC para lógica dentro do orçamento de carga calculado","Pós-regulação linear após verificar a margem de entrada e a dissipação térmica","Estudo didático de desacoplamento, dropout e projeto térmico do regulador",[52,57,61,65],{"title":53,"trap":54,"solution":55,"severity":56},"O orçamento térmico limita a corrente utilizável","A corrente anunciada para a família de CIs não estabelece a corrente contínua do conjunto. Uma tensão de entrada maior aumenta a dissipação.","Calcule PD e TJ com ambiente, montagem e dissipador reais. Mantenha L7805C na faixa de junção de 0–125 °C; não dependa do desligamento térmico na operação normal.","warning",{"title":58,"trap":59,"solution":60,"severity":56},"O dropout típico não é uma margem garantida","Somar um dropout típico de 2 V a 5 V não garante regulação em todas as cargas e temperaturas. A ondulação pode reduzir a tensão de entrada instantânea.","Use as condições da tabela 10 da ST e verifique a menor tensão de entrada com a carga real. Os 9 V ilustrados são um ponto nominal de projeto, não uma faixa medida.",{"title":62,"trap":63,"solution":64,"severity":56},"Um diodo de descarga não protege a entrada","D1 devolve a carga da saída para VIN. Não protege contra polaridade invertida, não limita surtos de entrada nem garante descarga segura para qualquer fonte.","Verifique a polaridade D1 (ânodo VOUT, cátodo VIN), a energia de descarga e a tolerância da fonte à corrente reversa. A figura 27 da ST trata explicitamente de saídas com alta capacitância acima de 6 V; aqui D1 é uma adaptação adicional.",{"title":66,"trap":67,"solution":68,"severity":69},"Indicador e carga mínima","Um LED aceso não comprova uma saída regulada de 5 V. A tensão direta de um LED genérico não estabelece uma corrente de carga garantida.","Verifique pelo menos os 5 mA de carga especificados ao usar os limites de regulação da tabela 10. Selecione LED1 e R1 conforme suas capacidades de corrente\u002Fpotência e inclua a corrente do indicador em IOUT.","info",[71,94,114],{"name":72,"latexOrText":73,"description":74,"variables":75},"Estimativa de dissipação do regulador","P_D \\approx (V_{IN}-V_{OUT})\\cdot I_{OUT}+V_{IN}\\cdot I_G","Estimativa ilustrativa em DC; IOUT total inclui o ramo LED. IG=8 mA é o máximo ST com TJ=25 °C, usado aqui como hipótese.",[76,81,85,90],{"symbol":77,"name":78,"typicalValue":79,"unit":80},"V_{IN}","Tensão de entrada ilustrativa","9","V",{"symbol":82,"name":83,"typicalValue":84,"unit":80},"V_{OUT}","Tensão nominal de saída","5",{"symbol":86,"name":87,"typicalValue":88,"unit":89},"I_{OUT}","Corrente total de saída ilustrativa","0.1","A",{"symbol":91,"name":92,"typicalValue":93,"unit":89},"I_G","Corrente de terra assumida","0.008",{"name":95,"latexOrText":96,"description":97,"variables":98},"Estimativa de temperatura de junção","T_J \\approx T_A+P_D\\cdot\\theta_{JA}","Estimativa de primeira ordem para a montagem assumida; 48,6 °C é calculado, não medido. Verifique a placa e a refrigeração reais.",[99,104,109],{"symbol":100,"name":101,"typicalValue":102,"unit":103},"T_A","Temperatura ambiente assumida","25","°C",{"symbol":105,"name":106,"typicalValue":107,"unit":108},"P_D","Dissipação calculada","0.472","W",{"symbol":110,"name":111,"typicalValue":112,"unit":113},"\\theta_{JA}","Resistência térmica junção-ambiente ST TO-220","50","°C\u002FW",{"name":115,"latexOrText":116,"description":117,"variables":118},"Estimativa de corrente do indicador","I_{LED}\\approx\\frac{V_{OUT}-V_F}{R_1}","VF depende do LED escolhido e da corrente de operação; não se afirma uma corrente LED exata.",[119,120,124],{"symbol":82,"name":83,"typicalValue":84,"unit":80},{"symbol":121,"name":122,"typicalValue":123,"unit":80},"V_F","Tensão direta do LED escolhido","—",{"symbol":125,"name":126,"typicalValue":127,"unit":128},"R_1","Resistência em série","330","Ω",[130,139,146,153,160,166,172,179],{"refDes":131,"componentName":132,"value":133,"package":134,"quantity":135,"componentSlug":136,"role":137,"notes":138},"U1","Regulador STMicroelectronics L7805CV","L7805CV","TO-220-3",1,"lm7805","Regulação fixa de 5 V","ST DS0422 Rev 38; pinos 1 IN, 2 GND, 3 OUT; aba GND. A página da família usa outro fabricante de referência.",{"refDes":140,"componentName":141,"value":142,"package":143,"quantity":135,"role":144,"notes":145},"D1","Retificador de silício Vishay","1N4007","DO-41","Caminho adicional de descarga da saída para a entrada","Vishay 88503: IF(AV)=1 A com TA=75 °C, terminais de 9,5 mm; IFSM=30 A com TA=25 °C, meia onda senoidal não repetitiva de 8,3 ms sobreposta à carga nominal. Verifique a descarga real.",{"refDes":147,"componentName":148,"value":149,"package":150,"quantity":135,"role":151,"notes":152},"C1","Capacitor genérico de reserva de entrada","10µF \u002F 25V","Radial electrolytic","Reserva local de carga de entrada","Observe a polaridade; componente genérico, selecione footprint e capacidade de corrente de ondulação para o conjunto.",{"refDes":154,"componentName":155,"value":156,"package":157,"quantity":135,"role":158,"notes":159},"C2","Capacitor cerâmico genérico de desacoplamento de entrada","330nF \u002F 50V","0805","Desacoplamento de entrada","X7R; conexões curtas ao pino 1 e GND. Valor da figura 8.",{"refDes":161,"componentName":162,"value":163,"package":157,"quantity":135,"role":164,"notes":165},"C3","Capacitor cerâmico genérico de desacoplamento de saída","100nF \u002F 25V","Desacoplamento de transientes de saída","X7R; segundo a figura 8, o capacitor de saída melhora a resposta transitória e não é necessário para estabilidade.",{"refDes":167,"componentName":168,"value":169,"package":150,"quantity":135,"role":170,"notes":171},"C4","Capacitor genérico de reserva de saída","100µF \u002F 16V","Reserva local de carga de saída","Observe a polaridade; adaptação adicional, avalie descarga e transientes de carga.",{"refDes":173,"componentName":174,"value":175,"package":176,"quantity":135,"role":177,"notes":178},"R1","Resistor série genérico do LED","330Ω \u002F 0.25W","Axial","Limitação de corrente LED","Selecione tolerância e verifique dissipação com o LED escolhido; não se afirma uma corrente exata.",{"refDes":180,"componentName":181,"value":182,"package":183,"quantity":135,"role":184,"notes":185},"LED1","LED indicador verde genérico","Green LED","Through-hole","Indicação de tensão de saída","Selecione um LED específico com valores adequados de corrente e tensão direta; não é um monitor power-good.",{"U1":187,"D1":188,"C1":189,"C2":190,"C3":191,"C4":192,"R1":193,"LED1":194,"P_VIN":195,"P_VOUT":201},{"refDes":131,"name":132,"value":133,"role":137,"description":138,"componentSlug":136,"footprint":134},{"refDes":140,"name":141,"value":142,"role":144,"description":145,"footprint":143},{"refDes":147,"name":148,"value":149,"role":151,"description":152,"footprint":150},{"refDes":154,"name":155,"value":156,"role":158,"description":159,"footprint":157},{"refDes":161,"name":162,"value":163,"role":164,"description":165,"footprint":157},{"refDes":167,"name":168,"value":169,"role":170,"description":171,"footprint":150},{"refDes":173,"name":174,"value":175,"role":177,"description":178,"footprint":176},{"refDes":180,"name":181,"value":182,"role":184,"description":185,"footprint":183},{"refDes":196,"name":197,"value":198,"role":199,"description":200},"P_VIN","Entrada DC","9V DC nominal","Porta de entrada","Ponto de alimentação ilustrativo. Verifique ondulação da fonte, desacoplamento de entrada e dissipação para a carga escolhida.",{"refDes":202,"name":203,"value":204,"role":205,"description":206},"P_VOUT","Saída regulada","5V nominal","Porta de saída","Trilha regulada nominal. A corrente disponível é limitada pela temperatura, pelas condições da fonte e pelo conjunto completo.",{"schemaVersion":208,"id":209,"meta":210,"components":216,"nets":327,"junctions":378,"netLabels":406,"wires":407},"1.5","schematic-7805-fixed-regulator",{"title":19,"locale":211,"grid":212,"source":213},"pt",20,{"type":214,"ref":215,"url":17},"datasheet","STMicroelectronics L78 DS0422 Rev 38 (February 2025), Figure 8 p.22 and L7805C Table 10 p.13; pinout p.3, thermal\u002Frating Tables 1–2 p.4; discharge discussion Figure 27 p.29. Adaptation: nominal 9V input, C1=10µF, C2=330nF, C3=100nF, C4=100µF, D1=Vishay 1N4007, R1=330Ω and generic green LED. No bench test.",[217,226,234,241,248,255,261,267,275,281,289,297,303,309,315,321],{"id":218,"symbolId":219,"refDes":196,"position":220,"rotation":223,"properties":224},"comp_p_vin","port.power",{"x":221,"y":222},140,40,0,{"value":225},"+9V 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de modo que o trilho positivo espelha o negativo.",14,3,"fonte simétrica rastreadora ±15 v (lm7815 \u002F lm7915)\no regulador rastreador de ±15 v e 1 a da folha de dados ti lm79xx: um lm7915 ajustado para exatamente −15 v e um lm7815 cujo pino de terra é controlado por um amplificador operacional lm307, de modo que o trilho positivo espelha o negativo.\nfonte simétrica rastreadora ±15 v (lm7815 \u002F lm7915)\no regulador rastreador de ±15 v e 1 a da folha de dados ti lm79xx: um lm7915 ajustado para exatamente −15 v e um lm7815 cujo pino de terra é controlado por um amplificador operacional lm307, de modo que o trilho positivo espelha o negativo.\n±15 v tracking dual supply (lm7815 \u002F lm7915)\nthe ±15 v, 1 a tracking regulator from the ti lm79xx datasheet: an lm7915 trimmed to exactly −15 v and an lm7815 whose ground pin is driven by an lm307 op-amp, so the positive rail mirrors the negative one.\npower_supplies\nregulador de tensão positiva\nlm7815\nu1\nregulador de tensão negativa\nlm7915\nu2\namplificador operacional\nlm307\nu3\nresistor fixo\n50ω\nr1\nresistor fixo\n1kω\nr2\ntrimpot\n5kω\nr3\nresistor de precisão\n10kω 1%\nr4\nresistor de precisão\n10kω 1%\nr5\ncapacitor eletrolítico de alumínio\n25µf\nc1\ncapacitor eletrolítico de alumínio\n25µf\nc2\ncapacitor eletrolítico de alumínio\n25µf\nc4\ncapacitor eletrolítico de alumínio\n25µf\nc5\ndiodo retificador\n1n4001\nd1\ndiodo retificador\n1n4001\nd2",{"slug":619,"cluster":20,"tier":21,"supplyVoltage":620,"voltageSpecification":623,"signalDomain":331,"breadboardFriendly":14,"title":625,"shortDescription":626,"bomCount":627,"formulaCount":628,"search":629},"lm2596-step-down-buck-converter",[621,622,609],"5v","12v",{"kind":611,"value":624,"label":30},"5.0V CC (±4% de tolerância total: 4.80V a 5.20V)","Regulador chaveado rebaixador LM2596 (5V \u002F 3A)","Regulador chaveado rebaixador de alta eficiência a 150 kHz que fornece saída regulada de 5V com até 3A de carga contínua a partir de uma fonte de 7V–40V CC com mínimo de componentes externos.",7,4,"regulador chaveado rebaixador lm2596 (5v \u002F 3a)\nregulador chaveado rebaixador de alta eficiência a 150 khz que fornece saída regulada de 5v com até 3a de carga contínua a partir de uma fonte de 7v–40v cc com mínimo de componentes externos.\nregulador chaveado rebaixador lm2596 (5v \u002F 3a)\nregulador chaveado rebaixador de alta eficiência a 150 khz que fornece saída regulada de 5v com até 3a de carga contínua a partir de uma fonte de 7v–40v cc com mínimo de componentes externos.\nlm2596 step-down buck converter (5v \u002F 3a)\nhigh-efficiency 150-khz step-down switching regulator delivering a regulated 5v output at up to 3a continuous load from a 7v–40v dc supply with minimal external components.\npower_supplies\nregulador chaveado texas instruments lm2596-5.0\nlm2596t-5.0\nu1\nretificador schottky on semiconductor\n1n5822\nd1\nindutor toroidal de potência pulse electronics\n33µh \u002F 3.5a\nl1\ncapacitor eletrolítico de entrada low-esr nichicon\n680µf \u002F 50v\nc1\ncapacitor eletrolítico de saída low-esr nichicon\n220µf \u002F 25v\nc2\nconector de entrada de alimentação cc\n+12v dc (7v–40v)\np_vin\nconector de saída de alimentação cc\n+5.0v dc (up to 3a)\np_vout",{"slug":631,"cluster":20,"tier":21,"supplyVoltage":632,"voltageSpecification":634,"signalDomain":331,"breadboardFriendly":14,"title":637,"shortDescription":638,"bomCount":639,"formulaCount":616,"search":640},"lm317-adjustable-linear-regulator",[621,622,633],"24v",{"kind":611,"value":635,"label":636},"1.25–9V respeita a margem recomendada de 3V com entrada nominal de 12V; a regulação também exige as condições especificadas de carga, temperatura e potência","Ajustes nominais calculados","Regulador de tensão linear positivo ajustável LM317","Circuito de regulação de tensão CC com TI LM317KCS e entrada nominal de 12V. Os ajustes calculados até 9V respeitam a margem recomendada de 3V; a corrente utilizável exige avaliar a carga e o balanço térmico.",6,"regulador de tensão linear positivo ajustável lm317\ncircuito de regulação de tensão cc com ti lm317kcs e entrada nominal de 12v. os ajustes calculados até 9v respeitam a margem recomendada de 3v; a corrente utilizável exige avaliar a carga e o balanço térmico.\nregulador de tensão linear positivo ajustável lm317\ncircuito de regulação de tensão cc com ti lm317kcs e entrada nominal de 12v. os ajustes calculados até 9v respeitam a margem recomendada de 3v; a corrente utilizável exige avaliar a carga e o balanço térmico.\nlm317 adjustable positive linear voltage regulator\nadjustable dc voltage reference circuit using ti lm317kcs and nominal 12v input. calculated setpoints up to 9v respect the recommended 3v headroom; usable current requires a load and thermal budget.\npower_supplies\nregulador de tensão linear positivo ajustável\nlm317kcs\nu1\nresistor de filme metálico de precisão 0,25 w (1\u002F4w)\n240ω\nr1\npotenciômetro cermet linear \u002F trimpot\n5kω\nr2\ncapacitor cerâmico multicamadas (mlcc)\n0.1µf\nc1\ncapacitor eletrolítico de alumínio\n10µf\nc2\ndiodo retificador de silício padrão\n1n4007\nd1",1793836433327]