[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":742},["ShallowReactive",2],{"schematic:ne5532-ultra-low-noise-inverting-mic-preamp:es":3},{"schematic":4,"title":19,"shortDescription":22,"proseSource":703,"localizationFallbackIssues":704,"related":705,"confirmations":704},{"schemaVersion":5,"governance":6,"slug":18,"title":19,"cluster":20,"tier":21,"shortDescription":22,"deepTechnicalOverview":23,"theoryOfOperation":24,"keySpecifications":25,"applications":50,"gotchas":55,"formulas":74,"bom":146,"interactiveElements":203,"circuitJson":319,"svg":698,"relatedSchematicSlugs":699,"relatedComponentSlugs":702},"1.0",{"publication":7,"verification":10,"provenance":15},{"status":8,"publishedDate":9},"published","2026-11-03",{"status":11,"verifiedDate":9,"verifiedBy":12,"checklist":13},"verified","Gemini (AI documentary, CAD and hardware-localization review against Texas Instruments SLOS075K; owner publication authorization; no bench, simulation, independent second review or native-speaker claim)",{"schema":14,"technicalFacts":14,"relationships":14,"sources":14},true,{"sourceUrls":16},[17],"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ti.com\u002Flit\u002Fds\u002Fsymlink\u002Fne5532.pdf","ne5532-ultra-low-noise-inverting-mic-preamp","Preamplificador de micrófono inversor de ultra bajo ruido NE5532","audio_amplifiers","Tier 1","Preamplificador de audio inversor de ultra bajo ruido monocanal basado en el amplificador operacional Texas Instruments NE5532, con ganancia de +33.4 dB en bucle cerrado, bloqueo de CC de entrada y compensación de fase de alta frecuencia.","Este preamplificador implementa una etapa de ganancia de audio de ultra bajo ruido optimizada para micrófonos dinámicos de baja impedancia (150 Ω a 600 Ω) utilizando el amplificador operacional Texas Instruments NE5532 (hoja de datos SLOS075K). Alimentado desde raíles simétricos de ±15 V, el circuito opera en configuración inversora con una ganancia de tensión en bucle cerrado Av = -RF \u002F RI = -47 kΩ \u002F 1 kΩ = -47 V\u002FV (+33.44 dB, inversión de fase de 180°). El ajuste de la resistencia de entrada R1 en 1 kΩ se adapta a las cápsulas dinámicas de micrófono y suprime la contribución de la corriente de ruido de entrada del amplificador operacional (0.7 pA\u002F√Hz). El condensador de bloqueo de CC de entrada C1 (10 µF) forma un corte de paso alto a 15.9 Hz, evitando que corrientes continuas parásitas o de polarización desplacen el nodo sumador interno. El condensador de compensación de fase C2 (47 pF C0G) deriva la resistencia de realimentación R2 por encima de 72 kHz, garantizando una estabilidad incondicional y bloqueando interferencias de RF sin comprometer la fidelidad acústica. La entrada no inversora (pin 3) está referenciada a masa a través de la resistencia de polarización R3 (1 kΩ) para compensar las caídas de tensión por corrientes de polarización, mientras que el condensador C3 (10 µF) proporciona una masa de CA de muy bajo ruido. La resistencia serie R4 (47 Ω) aísla la salida de la carga capacitiva de los cables, y el condensador de salida C6 (10 µF) garantiza una entrega limpia a nivel de línea libre de componente continua.","### 1. Raíles de alimentación duales simétricos y rango dinámico\nEl amplificador operacional NE5532 se alimenta desde raíles regulados simétricos de ±15 V (+15 V en el pin 8, -15 V en el pin 4). Estos raíles divididos permiten a la etapa de salida interna de Clase AB entregar oscilaciones de audio de CA simétricas de hasta ±13.5 V de pico a pico sobre cargas estándar sin requerir polarización de punto medio. La alimentación simétrica elimina la distorsión de cruce por cero y mantiene un rango dinámico superior a 110 dB.\n\n### 2. Nodo sumador de masa virtual y ganancia inversora\nLa entrada no inversora (pin 3) se mantiene a un potencial de 0 V CC respecto a masa. Dado que el NE5532 exhibe una elevada ganancia de tensión en bucle abierto (A_OL ≈ 100 dB) y un ancho de banda de 10 MHz, la realimentación negativa obliga al terminal inversor (pin 2) a igualar el pin 3, creando un nodo de masa virtual ideal a 0 V. La corriente de señal del micrófono fluye a través de la resistencia de entrada R1 (1 kΩ) directamente hacia la red de realimentación. La ganancia de tensión de CA queda fijada por la relación de resistencias:\n$$A_V = -\\frac{R_F}{R_I} = -\\frac{47\\text{ k}\\Omega}{1\\text{ k}\\Omega} = -47\\text{ V\u002FV}$$\nEn decibelios, esto corresponde a $20 \\log_{10}(47) \\approx +33.44\\text{ dB}$ de ganancia lineal con inversión de fase de 180°.\n\n### 3. Acoplamiento de CA y corte en baja frecuencia\nLa corriente continua del transductor de entrada queda bloqueada por el condensador en serie C1 (10 µF). Junto con la resistencia de entrada R1 (1 kΩ), el condensador C1 establece una respuesta de filtro paso alto de un polo con una frecuencia de corte a -3 dB:\n$$f_L = \\frac{1}{2\\pi \\cdot R_I \\cdot C_1} = \\frac{1}{2\\pi \\cdot 1000\\,\\Omega \\cdot 10 \\times 10^{-6}\\text{ F}} \\approx 15.9\\text{ Hz}$$\nEste corte transmite el espectro de graves audible completo por encima de 20 Hz con una atenuación inferior a 0.8 dB y rechaza las vibraciones mecánicas infrasónicas de manipulación.\n\n### 4. Compensación de fase ultrasónica y limitación de ancho de banda\nEn paralelo con la resistencia de realimentación R2, el condensador cerámico C2 (47 pF C0G) introduce un cero que atenúa la ganancia por encima del rango audible:\n$$f_H = \\frac{1}{2\\pi \\cdot R_F \\cdot C_F} = \\frac{1}{2\\pi \\cdot 47000\\,\\Omega \\cdot 47 \\times 10^{-12}\\text{ F}} \\approx 72.0\\text{ kHz}$$\nLa limitación de la ganancia en alta frecuencia evita que las interferencias de RF procedentes de transmisores móviles y fuentes conmutadas entren en el bucle de realimentación, preservando un margen de fase amplio y asegurando estabilidad incondicional.\n\n### 5. Ecualización de polarización de entrada y aislamiento del cable\nLa etapa de entrada bipolar del NE5532 absorbe corrientes de polarización de entrada (I_B ≈ 200 nA típica) por ambas bases diferenciales. La resistencia R3 (1 kΩ) en la entrada no inversora compensa la resistencia de fuente de CC vista por el nodo inversor (R1 || R2 ≈ 980 Ω), cancelando la deriva de tensión de compensación. El condensador C3 (10 µF) deriva el ruido térmico de R3 a masa para frecuencias audibles (> 16 Hz). En la salida, la resistencia de aislamiento R4 (47 Ω) amortigua la reactancia capacitiva del cable de interconexión, evitando oscilaciones parásitas, mientras que el condensador C6 (10 µF) entrega una señal de audio aislada en CC.",[26,29,32,35,38,41,44,47],{"label":27,"value":28},"Ganancia de CA en bucle cerrado (Av)","-47 V\u002FV (+33.44 dB, inversión de fase de 180°)",{"label":30,"value":31},"Resistencia de entrada (RI \u002F R1)","1 kΩ, 1%, 0.125 W, película metálica",{"label":33,"value":34},"Resistencia de realimentación (RF \u002F R2)","47 kΩ, 1%, 0.125 W, película metálica",{"label":36,"value":37},"Respuesta en frecuencia (-3 dB)","15.9 Hz a 72.0 kHz",{"label":39,"value":40},"Tensión de ruido de entrada equivalente","≈ 6.5 nV\u002F√Hz total (5.0 nV\u002F√Hz banda ancha del AO)",{"label":42,"value":43},"Raíles de alimentación (V+ \u002F V-)","±15 V simétricos regulados (±3 V a ±20 V)",{"label":45,"value":46},"Impedancia de entrada (ZIN)","1 kΩ (fijada por R1 en nodo de masa virtual)",{"label":48,"value":49},"Capacidad de salida","Hasta ±38 mA de cortocircuito, excita cargas de 600 Ω",[51,52,53,54],"Preamplificación de micrófonos dinámicos en estudio y sonido en directo (150 Ω a 600 Ω)","Etapa de ganancia de entrada y suma para mezcladores de audio activos de bajo ruido","Receptor de línea de audio balanceado e interfaz para sensores acústicos de medida","Circuito de referencia educativo de alta fidelidad para amplificadores operacionales bipolares",[56,61,66,70],{"title":57,"trap":58,"solution":59,"severity":60},"Penalización por ruido con impedancia de fuente excesiva","Dado que el NE5532 tiene una etapa de entrada bipolar con una densidad de corriente de ruido de 0.7 pA\u002F√Hz, el uso de resistencias de fuente o entrada superiores a 10 kΩ genera un ruido de tensión por corriente (i_n · R) que supera el bajo ruido de tensión de 5 nV\u002F√Hz.","Mantenga la resistencia de entrada R1 en 1 kΩ o menos y asegure una impedancia baja del transductor (150 Ω a 600 Ω). Para fuentes de alta impedancia (como pastillas de guitarra > 100 kΩ), use un operacional con entrada JFET como el OPA2134 o TL072.","critical",{"title":62,"trap":63,"solution":64,"severity":65},"Inestabilidad de salida por carga capacitiva de cables","Conectar cables apantallados largos o cargas capacitivas de más de 100 pF directamente a la salida del NE5532 crea un polo con la impedancia de salida en bucle abierto del AO (50 a 100 Ω), degradando el margen de fase y provocando oscilaciones de 5 a 15 MHz.","Instale una resistencia de aislamiento serie R4 (47 Ω, película metálica 1%) junto al pin de salida del operacional antes del condensador C6 y el conector del cable.","warning",{"title":67,"trap":68,"solution":69,"severity":65},"Conducción de diodos de protección antiparalelo de entrada","La etapa de entrada del NE5532 incorpora diodos antiparalelo internos entre los pines 2 y 3. Ante transitorios intensos o escalones de tensión mayores a ±0.6 V, estos diodos conducen con fuerza, provocando distorsión transitoria y consumo excesivo.","Asegúrese de que el condensador C1 soporte 50 V y controle la amplitud de la señal de entrada. La resistencia de entrada R1 (1 kΩ) limita de forma segura la corriente en sobrecargas.",{"title":71,"trap":72,"solution":73,"severity":60},"Rizado inductivo de alimentación y degradación del PSRR","Por encima de 100 kHz, el rechazo a las perturbaciones de la fuente (PSRR) del NE5532 cae sustancialmente. Operar con raíles de ±15 V sin condensadores cerámicos locales provoca diafonía y filtrado de ruido de alta frecuencia a la salida.","Monte condensadores cerámicos de desacoplo de 100 nF X7R directamente entre el pin 8 (V+) y masa, y entre el pin 4 (V-) y masa, a menos de 5 mm de los pines del encapsulado con conexiones de baja inductancia.",[75,94,110,125],{"name":76,"latexOrText":77,"description":78,"variables":79},"Ganancia de tensión de CA inversora en bucle cerrado","A_V = -\\frac{R_F}{R_I}","Calcula la magnitud de ganancia de tensión en bucle cerrado y la inversión de fase fijadas por la relación de resistencias.",[80,85,90],{"symbol":81,"name":82,"typicalValue":83,"unit":84},"A_V","Ganancia de tensión en bucle cerrado","-47","V\u002FV",{"symbol":86,"name":87,"typicalValue":88,"unit":89},"R_F","Resistencia de realimentación","47","kΩ",{"symbol":91,"name":92,"typicalValue":93,"unit":89},"R_I","Resistencia serie de entrada","1",{"name":95,"latexOrText":96,"description":97,"variables":98},"Frecuencia de corte paso alto a -3 dB en baja frecuencia","f_L = \\frac{1}{2\\pi \\cdot R_I \\cdot C_1}","Calcula la frecuencia de corte paso alto establecida por el condensador de desacoplo C1 y la resistencia R1.",[99,104,105],{"symbol":100,"name":101,"typicalValue":102,"unit":103},"f_L","Frecuencia de corte a -3 dB","15.9","Hz",{"symbol":91,"name":92,"typicalValue":93,"unit":89},{"symbol":106,"name":107,"typicalValue":108,"unit":109},"C_1","Condensador de acoplo de entrada","10","µF",{"name":111,"latexOrText":112,"description":113,"variables":114},"Frecuencia de corte paso bajo a -3 dB en alta frecuencia","f_H = \\frac{1}{2\\pi \\cdot R_F \\cdot C_F}","Calcula el polo de corte superior formado por el condensador C2 en paralelo con la resistencia R2.",[115,120,121],{"symbol":116,"name":117,"typicalValue":118,"unit":119},"f_H","Frecuencia de corte superior a -3 dB","72.0","kHz",{"symbol":86,"name":87,"typicalValue":88,"unit":89},{"symbol":122,"name":123,"typicalValue":88,"unit":124},"C_F","Condensador de compensación de realimentación","pF",{"name":126,"latexOrText":127,"description":128,"variables":129},"Tensión de ruido de entrada equivalente total","e_{n(total)} = \\sqrt{e_{n(amp)}^2 + 4 k_B T R_I + (i_n R_I)^2}","Calcula la densidad de ruido de entrada total considerando el ruido de tensión del AO, el ruido Johnson y la corriente de ruido.",[130,135,139,141],{"symbol":131,"name":132,"typicalValue":133,"unit":134},"e_{n(total)}","Densidad total de ruido de entrada","6.5","nV\u002F√Hz",{"symbol":136,"name":137,"typicalValue":138,"unit":134},"e_{n(amp)}","Ruido de tensión de banda ancha del NE5532","5.0",{"symbol":91,"name":140,"typicalValue":5,"unit":89},"Resistencia de la fuente de entrada",{"symbol":142,"name":143,"typicalValue":144,"unit":145},"i_n","Corriente de ruido de entrada del NE5532","0.7","pA\u002F√Hz",[147,156,162,168,173,179,186,193,198],{"refDes":148,"componentName":149,"value":150,"package":151,"quantity":152,"componentSlug":153,"role":154,"notes":155},"U1","Amplificador operacional de audio dual de bajo ruido y alta velocidad","NE5532P","PDIP-8",1,"ne5532","Etapa preamplificadora inversora de micrófono (Canal A utilizado)","Texas Instruments NE5532P, SLOS075K Rev. K; Patilla 1 OUT1, Patilla 2 IN1-, Patilla 3 IN1+, Patilla 4 V- (-15V), Patilla 8 V+ (+15V).",{"refDes":157,"componentName":92,"value":158,"package":159,"quantity":152,"role":160,"notes":161},"R1","1kΩ","Axial \u002F 0805","Escalado de la señal de entrada y fijación de impedancia","Resistencia de película metálica de 1 kΩ, 1%, 0.125 W. Fija la impedancia de entrada en 1 kΩ para minimizar el ruido térmico.",{"refDes":163,"componentName":164,"value":165,"package":159,"quantity":152,"role":166,"notes":167},"R2","Resistencia de realimentación de bucle cerrado","47kΩ","Fijación de la ganancia de tensión en bucle cerrado","Resistencia de película metálica de 47 kΩ, 1%, 0.125 W. Establece la ganancia de CA en Av = -47 V\u002FV (+33.4 dB).",{"refDes":169,"componentName":170,"value":158,"package":159,"quantity":152,"role":171,"notes":172},"R3","Resistencia de polarización de entrada no inversora","Compensación de tensión por corrientes de polarización de entrada","Resistencia de película metálica de 1 kΩ, 1%, 0.125 W. Equilibra la resistencia de fuente de CC vista por las entradas diferenciales.",{"refDes":174,"componentName":175,"value":176,"package":159,"quantity":152,"role":177,"notes":178},"R4","Resistencia de aislamiento para cable de salida","47Ω","Aislamiento de la carga capacitiva del cable","Resistencia de película metálica de 47 Ω, 1%, 0.125 W. Evita la pérdida de margen de fase y la oscilación por capacitancia del cable.",{"refDes":180,"componentName":181,"value":182,"package":183,"quantity":152,"role":184,"notes":185},"C1","Condensador de acoplamiento de CA de entrada","10µF","Radial \u002F 1206","Bloqueo de componente continua de entrada","Condensador electrolítico de aluminio o bipolar de 10 µF, 50 V. Fija el corte paso alto a 15.9 Hz junto con R1.",{"refDes":187,"componentName":188,"value":189,"package":190,"quantity":152,"role":191,"notes":192},"C2","Condensador de compensación de fase de realimentación","47pF","0805 \u002F Radial","Supresión de RF de alta frecuencia y estabilidad de bucle","Condensador cerámico C0G\u002FNP0 de 47 pF, 50 V. Forma un corte paso bajo a 72 kHz junto con R2.",{"refDes":194,"componentName":195,"value":182,"package":183,"quantity":152,"role":196,"notes":197},"C3","Condensador de desacoplo de ruido de polarización no inversora","Puesta a masa en CA del nodo de polarización no inversor","Condensador electrolítico de aluminio de 10 µF, 50 V. Deriva el ruido Johnson de R3 a masa en frecuencias audibles.",{"refDes":199,"componentName":200,"value":182,"package":183,"quantity":152,"role":201,"notes":202},"C6","Condensador de acoplamiento de CA de salida","Bloqueo de componente continua de salida","Condensador electrolítico de aluminio o bipolar de 10 µF, 50 V. Bloquea la tensión de compensación residual de CC hacia equipos externos.",{"U1A":204,"R1":216,"R2":225,"R3":231,"R4":236,"C1":242,"C2":251,"C3":259,"C6":265,"P_IN":270,"P_OUT":279,"P_VCC":287,"P_VEE":296,"GND1":304,"GND2":313},{"refDes":205,"name":206,"value":150,"role":207,"description":208,"componentSlug":153,"footprint":151,"specs":209},"U1A","Amplificador operacional dual de audio Texas Instruments NE5532P (Canal A)","Amplificador operacional inversor","AO bipolar rápido y de ultra bajo ruido alimentado con raíles simétricos de ±15 V. Ofrece una densidad de ruido de 5 nV\u002F√Hz, 10 MHz de ancho de banda y 9 V\u002Fµs de slew rate, manteniendo masa virtual en pin 2.",{"Tensión de alimentación":210,"Tensión de ruido de entrada":211,"Producto ganancia-ancho de banda":212,"Velocidad de respuesta (Slew Rate)":213,"THD + Ruido":214,"Corriente de cortocircuito":215},"±15 V (±3 V a ±20 V)","5 nV\u002F√Hz típica a 1 kHz","10 MHz típico","9 V\u002Fµs típica","0.0005% típico","±38 mA típica",{"refDes":157,"name":217,"value":158,"role":218,"description":219,"footprint":159,"specs":220},"Resistencia serie de entrada (RI)","Escalado de señal y fijación de impedancia","Convierte la tensión del micrófono en corriente de suma en el nodo inversor. Fija la impedancia de entrada en 1 kΩ para minimizar el ruido térmico Johnson.",{"Resistencia":221,"Tolerancia":222,"Potencia nominal":223,"Coeficiente de temperatura":224},"1 kΩ","1%","0.125 W","±50 ppm\u002F°C",{"refDes":163,"name":226,"value":165,"role":227,"description":228,"footprint":159,"specs":229},"Resistencia de realimentación (RF)","Fijación de la ganancia en bucle cerrado","Cierra el bucle de realimentación negativa desde la salida al nodo inversor. Fija la ganancia de tensión en |Av| = 47 kΩ \u002F 1 kΩ = 47 V\u002FV (+33.44 dB).",{"Resistencia":230,"Tolerancia":222,"Potencia nominal":223,"Coeficiente de temperatura":224},"47 kΩ",{"refDes":169,"name":232,"value":158,"role":233,"description":234,"footprint":159,"specs":235},"Resistencia de polarización no inversora (RP)","Equilibrio de corrientes de polarización","Conecta la entrada no inversora (pin 3) a masa en CC, equilibrando la resistencia de fuente para los transistores bipolares diferenciales.",{"Resistencia":221,"Tolerancia":222,"Potencia nominal":223,"Coeficiente de temperatura":224},{"refDes":174,"name":237,"value":176,"role":238,"description":239,"footprint":159,"specs":240},"Resistencia de aislamiento de cable (RO)","Aislamiento y amortiguamiento de carga capacitiva","Aísla la salida del operacional de cables con capacitancia (> 100 pF), preservando el margen de fase y evitando oscilaciones parásitas de alta frecuencia.",{"Resistencia":241,"Tolerancia":222,"Potencia nominal":223,"Coeficiente de temperatura":224},"47 Ω",{"refDes":180,"name":243,"value":182,"role":244,"description":245,"footprint":183,"specs":246},"Condensador de acoplamiento de entrada","Bloqueo de CC en la entrada","Bloquea tensiones continuas procedentes de cápsulas de micrófono, formando un corte paso alto a 15.9 Hz junto con R1.",{"Capacidad":247,"Tensión nominal":248,"Dieléctrico":249,"Tolerancia":250},"10 µF","50 V","Electrolítico de aluminio \u002F Bipolar","±20%",{"refDes":187,"name":252,"value":189,"role":253,"description":254,"footprint":190,"specs":255},"Condensador de compensación de realimentación (CF)","Atenuación de RF y estabilidad de fase","Forma un filtro paso bajo a 72 kHz en paralelo con R2, suprimiendo la demodulación de RF y garantizando estabilidad de fase incondicional.",{"Capacidad":256,"Tensión nominal":248,"Dieléctrico":257,"Tolerancia":258},"47 pF","C0G\u002FNP0","±5%",{"refDes":194,"name":260,"value":182,"role":261,"description":262,"footprint":183,"specs":263},"Condensador de derivación de ruido de polarización","Derivación de ruido en la entrada no inversora","Deriva la resistencia R3 a masa en frecuencias de audio, eliminando el ruido térmico Johnson y ofreciendo una masa de referencia muy limpia para el pin 3.",{"Capacidad":247,"Tensión nominal":248,"Dieléctrico":264,"Tolerancia":250},"Electrolítico de aluminio",{"refDes":199,"name":266,"value":182,"role":267,"description":268,"footprint":183,"specs":269},"Condensador de acoplamiento de salida","Bloqueo de CC en la salida","Bloquea cualquier tensión residual continua de salida del operacional hacia etapas de mezcla posteriores o interfaces de audio.",{"Capacidad":247,"Tensión nominal":248,"Dieléctrico":249,"Tolerancia":250},{"refDes":271,"name":272,"value":273,"role":274,"description":275,"footprint":276,"specs":277},"P_IN","Puerto de entrada de micrófono","MIC_IN","Terminal de entrada de señal de audio","Recibe señales de micrófono de bajo nivel (típicamente 2 mV a 10 mV RMS procedentes de transductores dinámicos).","Through-hole Test Point",{"Nivel de entrada nominal":278,"Impedancia de entrada":221},"2 mV a 10 mV RMS",{"refDes":280,"name":281,"value":282,"role":283,"description":284,"footprint":276,"specs":285},"P_OUT","Puerto de salida de audio preamplificada","AUDIO_OUT","Terminal de salida de audio amplificada","Entrega señales de audio a nivel de línea (hasta 2 V RMS en cargas de 10 kΩ) con inversión de fase de 180°.",{"Nivel de salida nominal":286,"Impedancia de salida":241},"100 mV a 1.5 V RMS",{"refDes":288,"name":289,"value":290,"role":291,"description":292,"footprint":293,"specs":294},"P_VCC","Puerto de alimentación positiva","+15V","Conexión del raíl de alimentación positivo","Suministra +15 V CC al pin 8 (V+) del operacional. Requiere un condensador cerámico de desacoplo de 100 nF junto al encapsulado.","Power Terminal",{"Tensión nominal":295},"+15 V DC",{"refDes":297,"name":298,"value":299,"role":300,"description":301,"footprint":293,"specs":302},"P_VEE","Puerto de alimentación negativa","-15V","Conexión del raíl de alimentación negativo","Suministra -15 V CC al pin 4 (V-) del operacional. Requiere un condensador cerámico de desacoplo de 100 nF junto al encapsulado.",{"Tensión nominal":303},"-15 V DC",{"refDes":305,"name":306,"value":307,"role":308,"description":309,"footprint":310,"specs":311},"GND1","Punto de masa de polarización","GND","Conexión a masa del sistema para R3","Conecta la resistencia de polarización R3 a la masa analógica de bajo ruido del circuito.","Ground Point",{"Potencial":312},"0 V",{"refDes":314,"name":315,"value":307,"role":316,"description":317,"footprint":310,"specs":318},"GND2","Punto de masa de desacoplo","Conexión a masa del sistema para C3","Conecta el condensador de derivación de ruido C3 a la masa analógica de bajo ruido del circuito.",{"Potencial":312},{"schemaVersion":320,"id":18,"meta":321,"components":327,"nets":425,"junctions":498,"netLabels":517,"wires":518},"1.5",{"title":19,"locale":322,"grid":323,"source":324},"es",20,{"type":325,"ref":326,"url":17},"datasheet","Texas Instruments SLOS075K (Rev. K, Dec 2025). Audio low-noise inverting preamplifier with Av = -47 V\u002FV (+33.4 dB), Ri = 1 kΩ, Rf = 47 kΩ, Cf = 47 pF, ±15 V 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altavoz de 8 Ω desde una pila de 9 V.",7,3,"amplificador de audio lm386 con ganancia 20\nel amplificador para altavoz con el mínimo de componentes de la hoja de datos lm386 de ti: un potenciómetro de volumen, el lm386 con su ganancia interna de 20, un condensador de salida y una red rc que excitan un altavoz de 8 ω desde una pila de 9 v.\namplificador de audio lm386 con ganancia 20\nel amplificador para altavoz con el mínimo de componentes de la hoja de datos lm386 de ti: un potenciómetro de volumen, el lm386 con su ganancia interna de 20, un condensador de salida y una red rc que excitan un altavoz de 8 ω desde una pila de 9 v.\nlm386 audio amplifier with gain 20\nthe minimum-parts speaker amplifier from the ti lm386 datasheet: a volume potentiometer, the lm386 at its internal gain of 20, an output capacitor and an rc network driving an 8 ω speaker from a 9 v battery.\naudio_amplifiers\namplificador de potencia de audio de baja tensión\nlm386n-1\nu1\npotenciómetro rotativo\n10kω\nrv1\ncondensador electrolítico de aluminio\n250µf\nc1\ncondensador cerámico o de película\n0.05µf\nc2\nresistencia de 1\u002F4 w\n10ω\nr1\naltavoz\n8ω\nls1\npila de 9 v\n9v\nbt1",{"slug":721,"cluster":20,"tier":21,"supplyVoltage":722,"voltageSpecification":723,"signalDomain":714,"breadboardFriendly":14,"title":725,"shortDescription":726,"bomCount":727,"formulaCount":718,"search":728},"lm386-bass-boost-amplifier",[708,709],{"kind":711,"value":724,"label":713},"Pila de 9 V en el esquema; intervalo de diseño 5 V – 12 V (TI, tabla 9-5)","Amplificador de audio LM386 con realce de graves","Esquema editable de la figura 9-9 de TI: LM386 con una rama de realimentación de 10 kΩ y 33 nF, control de volumen y altavoz de 8 Ω alimentado por una pila de 9 V.",9,"amplificador de audio lm386 con realce de graves\nesquema editable de la figura 9-9 de ti: lm386 con una rama de realimentación de 10 kω y 33 nf, control de volumen y altavoz de 8 ω alimentado por una pila de 9 v.\namplificador de audio lm386 con realce de graves\nesquema editable de la figura 9-9 de ti: lm386 con una rama de realimentación de 10 kω y 33 nf, control de volumen y altavoz de 8 ω alimentado por una pila de 9 v.\nlm386 audio amplifier with bass boost\nti figure 9-9 redrawn as an editable lm386 bass-boost amplifier: a 10 kω and 33 nf feedback branch, volume control and an 8 ω speaker powered from a 9 v battery.\naudio_amplifiers\namplificador de potencia de audio de baja tensión\nlm386n-1\nu1\npotenciómetro rotativo\n10kω\nrv1\ncondensador electrolítico de aluminio\n250µf\nc1\ncondensador cerámico o de película\n0.05µf\nc2\nresistencia de 1\u002F4 w\n10ω\nr1\naltavoz\n8ω\nls1\npila de 9 v\n9v\nbt1\nresistencia de realimentación\n10kω\nr2\ncondensador de realimentación\n0.033µf\nc3",{"slug":730,"cluster":731,"tier":21,"supplyVoltage":732,"voltageSpecification":734,"signalDomain":737,"breadboardFriendly":14,"title":738,"shortDescription":739,"bomCount":717,"formulaCount":740,"search":741},"2n2222-relay-driver-flyback-protection","microcontroller_interfaces",[733,708,709],"3.3v",{"kind":711,"value":735,"label":736},"+12.0 V CC nominal (rango operativo de +10.8 V a +13.2 V)","Tensión de alimentación del relé (VLOAD)","digital","Controlador de relé con BJT NPN 2N2222 \u002F 2N2222A y diodo flyback 1N4007","Circuito de conmutación de lado bajo con transistor bipolar NPN para relé de 12V con diodo flyback 1N4007, excitación en saturación y desacoplo de alimentación para MCU de 3.3V\u002F5V.",4,"controlador de relé con bjt npn 2n2222 \u002F 2n2222a y diodo flyback 1n4007\ncircuito de conmutación de lado bajo con transistor bipolar npn para relé de 12v con diodo flyback 1n4007, excitación en saturación y desacoplo de alimentación para mcu de 3.3v\u002F5v.\ncontrolador de relé con bjt npn 2n2222 \u002F 2n2222a y diodo flyback 1n4007\ncircuito de conmutación de lado bajo con transistor bipolar npn para relé de 12v con diodo flyback 1n4007, excitación en saturación y desacoplo de alimentación para mcu de 3.3v\u002F5v.\n2n2222 \u002F 2n2222a npn bjt relay driver with 1n4007 flyback clamping diode\ndiscrete npn bipolar junction transistor low-side relay driver circuit with 1n4007 flyback suppression diode, base saturation drive, and supply decoupling for 3.3v\u002F5v mcu control.\nmicrocontroller_interfaces\ntransistor bipolar npn de uso general\n2n2222a\nq1\ndiodo rectificador \u002F fijador de uso general\n1n4007\nd1\nrelé subminiatura electromecánico spdt\ng5v-1-dc12\nk1\nresistencia limitadora de base 1 kω\n1kω\nr1\nresistencia pull-down de base 10 kω\n10kω\nr2\ncondensador cerámico de desacoplo mlcc\n100nf 50v\nc1\ncondensador electrolítico de desacoplo de aluminio\n47µf 25v\nc2",1793836433502]