[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":655},["ShallowReactive",2],{"schematic:esp32-auto-reset-flashing-circuit:es":3},{"schematic":4,"title":19,"shortDescription":22,"proseSource":615,"localizationFallbackIssues":616,"related":617,"confirmations":616},{"schemaVersion":5,"governance":6,"slug":18,"title":19,"cluster":20,"tier":21,"shortDescription":22,"deepTechnicalOverview":23,"theoryOfOperation":24,"keySpecifications":25,"applications":47,"gotchas":52,"formulas":72,"bom":123,"interactiveElements":170,"circuitJson":219,"svg":610,"relatedSchematicSlugs":611,"relatedComponentSlugs":612,"relatedBoardSlugs":614},"1.0",{"publication":7,"verification":10,"provenance":15},{"status":8,"publishedDate":9},"published","2026-10-23",{"status":11,"verifiedDate":9,"verifiedBy":12,"checklist":13},"verified","Claude (documentary review against the Espressif ESP32-DevKitC V4 schematic, ESP32 Hardware Design Guidelines and esptool documentation; CAD redraw; LLM localization review; owner publication GO; no bench or native-human claim)",{"schema":14,"technicalFacts":14,"relationships":14,"sources":14},true,{"sourceUrls":16},[17],"https:\u002F\u002Fdl.espressif.com\u002Fdl\u002Fschematics\u002Fesp32_devkitc_v4-sch.pdf","esp32-auto-reset-flashing-circuit","Circuito de reinicio automático y arranque del ESP32 (DTR\u002FRTS)","microcontroller_interfaces","Tier 1","El circuito de dos transistores de las placas de desarrollo de Espressif con el que esptool, Arduino IDE y PlatformIO reinician un ESP32 y arrancan su bootloader serie a través de las líneas DTR y RTS de un puente USB-UART, sin pulsar botones.","Es el bloque «auto program» del esquema de la Espressif ESP32-DevKitC V4, redibujado con su red de retardo en EN y los botones BOOT y EN. El ESP32 arranca su bootloader serie si IO0 está a nivel bajo en el momento en que sale del reinicio. Un puente USB-UART, como el CP2102N de la DevKitC o un CH340G, tiene dos salidas de control de módem libres, DTR y RTS, y las herramientas de grabación de firmware las conmutan para controlar EN e IO0. Los dos transistores NPN están acoplados en cruz, de modo que cada uno conduce solo cuando sus dos líneas de control difieren: si DTR y RTS están ambas a nivel alto o ambas a nivel bajo no ocurre nada, así que un programa de terminal que activa las dos líneas a la vez no reinicia el chip. La placa de referencia usa transistores SS8050; el 2N3904 de uso general dibujado aquí hace el mismo trabajo con estas corrientes. La resistencia de pull-up y el condensador de EN siguen los 10 kΩ y 1 µF que recomienda Espressif; la DevKitC V4 monta 0,1 µF. GPIO0 tiene un pull-up interno débil, por lo que el circuito no necesita resistencia en IO0.","### 1. DTR y RTS desde el puente USB-UART\nDTR y RTS son salidas activas a nivel bajo: cuando el software activa una línea, el pin pasa a 0 V; cuando la libera, vuelve a 3,3 V. Todo lo que sigue se describe en niveles de pin, como en la tabla de verdad impresa en el esquema de la DevKitC V4.\n\n### 2. Transistores acoplados en cruz\nQ1 tiene la base en DTR a través de R1 y el emisor en RTS; su colector tira de EN. Q2 es su imagen especular: base en RTS a través de R2, emisor en DTR y colector en IO0. Un transistor conduce solo cuando el lado de su base está a nivel alto y el de su emisor a nivel bajo:\n\nDTR = 1, RTS = 1: ambos transistores en corte, EN = 1, IO0 = 1.\n\nDTR = 0, RTS = 0: ambos transistores en corte, EN = 1, IO0 = 1.\n\nDTR = 1, RTS = 0: Q1 conduce, EN = 0 (chip en reinicio), IO0 = 1.\n\nDTR = 0, RTS = 1: Q2 conduce, EN = 1, IO0 = 0.\n\nComo los niveles iguales no conmutan nada, abrir un puerto que activa las dos líneas a la vez no reinicia el chip. Cuando un transistor está en corte con el emisor a nivel alto y la base a nivel bajo, su unión base-emisor queda polarizada en inversa con 3,3 V, muy por debajo de la V(BR)EBO mínima de 6 V del 2N3904.\n\n### 3. Reinicio\nPrimero esptool pone DTR = 1, RTS = 0. Q1 se satura, lleva EN a masa y descarga C1. El ESP32 se reinicia cuando CHIP_PU permanece por debajo de 0,6 V durante al menos 50 µs; esptool mantiene este estado 100 ms. Con R1 = 10 kΩ la corriente de base de Q1 es aproximadamente:\n$$I_B = \\frac{V_{DTR} - V_{BE}}{R_1} \\approx \\frac{3.3\\text{ V} - 0.7\\text{ V}}{10\\text{ k}\\Omega} = 0.26\\text{ mA}$$\nlo que satura el transistor frente a los 0,33 mA que aporta R3.\n\n### 4. Salida del reinicio con IO0 a nivel bajo\nDespués esptool pone DTR = 0 y RTS = 1 en dos llamadas seguidas. Entre ellas ambas líneas quedan brevemente a nivel bajo y ambos transistores en corte; C1 ralentiza la subida de EN durante esa pausa, así que el chip sigue en reinicio cuando Q2 conduce y lleva IO0 a nivel bajo. Luego EN sube a través de R3 cargando C1:\n$$\\tau = R_3 \\cdot C_1 = 10\\text{ k}\\Omega \\cdot 1\\,\\mu\\text{F} = 10\\text{ ms}$$\nAl salir del reinicio, el chip lee sus pines de strapping. Al encontrar IO0 a nivel bajo, arranca el bootloader serie en lugar del programa de la flash. Para que el bootloader arranque, GPIO2 también debe estar a nivel bajo o sin conectar.\n\n### 5. Vuelta al reposo\nPasados 50 ms esptool libera DTR, de modo que ambas líneas quedan a nivel alto, ambos transistores en corte e IO0 vuelve a nivel alto mediante su pull-up interno. El bootloader sigue en marcha y la carga continúa por TXD0 y RXD0. Para ejecutar el firmware nuevo, esptool da un pulso solo en RTS (DTR = 1, RTS = 0): un reinicio por hardware normal con IO0 a nivel alto.",[26,29,32,35,38,41,44],{"label":27,"value":28},"Nivel lógico de funcionamiento","3,3 V (VDD33 en la DevKitC V4)",{"label":30,"value":31},"Tabla de verdad del control (niveles de pin)","DTR 1, RTS 0 → EN 0; DTR 0, RTS 1 → IO0 0; niveles iguales → EN 1, IO0 1 (esquema de la DevKitC V4)",{"label":33,"value":34},"Condición de reinicio","CHIP_PU por debajo de 0,6 V durante al menos 50 µs (Espressif Hardware Design Guidelines)",{"label":36,"value":37},"Red de retardo de EN","10 kΩ y 1 µF recomendados por Espressif, τ = 10 ms (calculado); la DevKitC V4 monta 0,1 µF",{"label":39,"value":40},"Condición de arranque del bootloader","IO0 a nivel bajo al salir del reinicio; GPIO2 a nivel bajo o sin conectar (documentación de esptool)",{"label":42,"value":43},"Transistores","SS8050 en la DevKitC V4; aquí se dibuja el 2N3904",{"label":45,"value":46},"Corriente de base","≈ 0,26 mA por transistor con resistencias de base de 10 kΩ (calculado, suponiendo VBE ≈ 0,7 V)",[48,49,50,51],"Grabación de firmware por USB-UART en placas de desarrollo ESP32","Placas propias con ESP32 que deben grabarse desde Arduino IDE, PlatformIO o ESP-IDF sin botones","Adaptadores USB-UART para grabar módulos ESP32","Utillajes de prueba que regraban placas automáticamente",[53,58,63,67],{"title":54,"trap":55,"solution":56,"severity":57},"Capacidad insuficiente en EN","Sin condensador entre EN y GND, o con uno muy pequeño, el reinicio automático no es fiable y esptool puede no conectar con el chip, sobre todo en Windows.","Coloque de 1 µF a 10 µF entre EN y GND, como recomienda la documentación de esptool; 1 µF con 10 kΩ coincide con las guías de diseño de hardware de Espressif.","critical",{"title":59,"trap":60,"solution":61,"severity":62},"El monitor serie reinicia o retiene la placa","Algunos programas de terminal y controladores activan RTS o DTR por su cuenta al abrir el puerto, y el control de flujo por hardware RTS\u002FCTS maneja RTS. Según los niveles, la placa se reinicia o se queda en reinicio o en el bootloader. En Linux, un puerto inactivo puede activar RTS por defecto.","Desactive el control de flujo por hardware RTS\u002FCTS en el programa de terminal. En Linux, quite HUPCL del puerto (stty -F \u002Fdev\u002FttyUSB0 -hupcl) como describe la documentación de esptool.","warning",{"title":64,"trap":65,"solution":66,"severity":62},"Una carga en GPIO2 bloquea el bootloader","El ESP32 entra en el bootloader serie solo si, además de IO0 a nivel bajo, GPIO2 está a nivel bajo o sin conectar. Una resistencia de pull-up u otro circuito que mantenga GPIO2 a nivel alto impide que funcione el reinicio automático aunque los transistores conmuten correctamente.","Deje GPIO2 sin conectar o asegúrese de que esté a nivel bajo durante el reinicio; no le ponga una resistencia de pull-up.",{"title":68,"trap":69,"solution":70,"severity":71},"Condensador grande en IO0","Un condensador grande en IO0 mantiene el pin a nivel bajo durante un tiempo tras el encendido, y el chip puede arrancar el bootloader en lugar de su programa.","No añada condensadores de alto valor en IO0, como advierten las guías de diseño de hardware de Espressif; el circuito solo depende del pull-up interno débil.","info",[73,92,104],{"name":74,"latexOrText":75,"description":76,"variables":77},"Constante de tiempo del retardo de EN","\\tau = R_3 \\cdot C_1","Constante de tiempo de la subida de EN después de que Q1 o SW2 lo liberen.",[78,83,88],{"symbol":79,"name":80,"typicalValue":81,"unit":82},"R_3","Resistencia de pull-up de EN","10","kΩ",{"symbol":84,"name":85,"typicalValue":86,"unit":87},"C_1","Condensador de retardo de EN","1","µF",{"symbol":89,"name":90,"typicalValue":81,"unit":91},"\\tau","Constante de tiempo (calculada)","ms",{"name":93,"latexOrText":94,"description":95,"variables":96},"Tensión de EN durante la liberación","V_{EN}(t) = V_{DD}\\left(1 - e^{-t\u002F\\tau}\\right)","EN alcanza el 63% de la alimentación tras una constante de tiempo y cerca del 99% tras cinco (50 ms con los valores dibujados).",[97,102],{"symbol":98,"name":99,"typicalValue":100,"unit":101},"V_{DD}","Tensión de alimentación","3.3","V",{"symbol":89,"name":103,"typicalValue":81,"unit":91},"Constante de tiempo",{"name":105,"latexOrText":106,"description":107,"variables":108},"Corriente de base del transistor","I_B = \\frac{V_{DD} - V_{BE}}{R_1}","Corriente de base del transistor que conduce cuando su línea de control está a nivel alto y la otra a nivel bajo.",[109,111,115,118],{"symbol":98,"name":110,"typicalValue":100,"unit":101},"Nivel alto de la línea de control",{"symbol":112,"name":113,"typicalValue":114,"unit":101},"V_{BE}","Tensión base-emisor (supuesta)","0.7",{"symbol":116,"name":117,"typicalValue":81,"unit":82},"R_1","Resistencia de base",{"symbol":119,"name":120,"typicalValue":121,"unit":122},"I_B","Corriente de base (calculada)","0.26","mA",[124,133,137,144,148,152,159,166],{"refDes":125,"componentName":126,"value":127,"package":128,"quantity":129,"componentSlug":130,"role":131,"notes":132},"Q1","Transistor NPN de pequeña señal","2N3904","TO-92",1,"2n3904","Lleva EN a nivel bajo","SS8050-G en la DevKitC V4. Con estas corrientes sirve cualquier conmutador NPN pequeño.",{"refDes":134,"componentName":126,"value":127,"package":128,"quantity":129,"componentSlug":130,"role":135,"notes":136},"Q2","Lleva IO0 a nivel bajo","SS8050-G en la DevKitC V4.",{"refDes":138,"componentName":139,"value":140,"package":141,"quantity":129,"role":142,"notes":143},"R1","Resistencia","10kΩ","0603 \u002F 0805 \u002F axial","Resistencia de base de Q1","R21 en la DevKitC V4.",{"refDes":145,"componentName":139,"value":140,"package":141,"quantity":129,"role":146,"notes":147},"R2","Resistencia de base de Q2","R22 en la DevKitC V4.",{"refDes":149,"componentName":139,"value":140,"package":141,"quantity":129,"role":150,"notes":151},"R3","Pull-up de EN","R11 en la DevKitC V4.",{"refDes":153,"componentName":154,"value":155,"package":156,"quantity":129,"role":157,"notes":158},"C1","Condensador cerámico","1µF","0603 \u002F 0805","Retardo de EN","Valor recomendado por Espressif. La DevKitC V4 monta 0,1 µF (C9) y otros 0,1 µF en paralelo con el botón EN (C14).",{"refDes":160,"componentName":161,"value":162,"package":163,"quantity":129,"role":164,"notes":165},"SW1","Pulsador táctil","BOOT","SMD \u002F THT","IO0 a nivel bajo manualmente","La DevKitC V4 añade 0,1 µF en paralelo con él (C15).",{"refDes":167,"componentName":161,"value":168,"package":163,"quantity":129,"role":169},"SW2","EN","Reinicio manual",{"Q1":171,"Q2":181,"R1":186,"R2":191,"R3":196,"C1":201,"SW1":208,"SW2":214},{"refDes":125,"name":172,"value":127,"role":173,"description":174,"componentSlug":130,"footprint":175,"specs":176},"Transistor de reinicio de EN","Lleva EN a nivel bajo para reiniciar el ESP32","Base controlada desde DTR a través de R1, emisor unido a RTS y colector en EN. Conduce solo cuando DTR está a nivel alto y RTS a nivel bajo; entonces lleva EN a masa y descarga C1, lo que reinicia el chip. En cualquier otro estado está en corte y R3 mantiene EN a nivel alto.","TO-92 (SOT-23 SS8050 on the reference board)",{"Pieza de referencia":177,"V(BR)CEO":178,"V(BR)EBO":179,"IC":180},"SS8050-G (placa Espressif ESP32-DevKitC V4)","40 V mínimo (onsemi 2N3903\u002FD)","6 V mínimo (onsemi 2N3903\u002FD)","200 mA máximo (onsemi 2N3903\u002FD)",{"refDes":134,"name":182,"value":127,"role":183,"description":184,"componentSlug":130,"footprint":175,"specs":185},"Transistor de arranque de IO0","Lleva IO0 a nivel bajo para seleccionar el bootloader serie","Base controlada desde RTS a través de R2, emisor unido a DTR y colector en IO0. Conduce solo cuando RTS está a nivel alto y DTR a nivel bajo; entonces mantiene IO0 a nivel bajo para que el ESP32 arranque su bootloader serie al salir del reinicio.",{"Pieza de referencia":177,"V(BR)CEO":178,"V(BR)EBO":179,"IC":180},{"refDes":138,"name":142,"value":140,"role":187,"description":188,"footprint":141,"specs":189},"Limita la corriente de base de Q1","Une DTR con la base de Q1 (R21 en la DevKitC V4). Con DTR a 3,3 V y RTS a 0 V da a Q1 unos 0,26 mA de corriente de base (calculado).",{"Resistencia":190},"10 kΩ (DevKitC V4, R21, 5%)",{"refDes":145,"name":146,"value":140,"role":192,"description":193,"footprint":141,"specs":194},"Limita la corriente de base de Q2","Une RTS con la base de Q2 (R22 en la DevKitC V4). Con RTS a 3,3 V y DTR a 0 V da a Q2 unos 0,26 mA de corriente de base (calculado).",{"Resistencia":195},"10 kΩ (DevKitC V4, R22, 5%)",{"refDes":149,"name":80,"value":140,"role":197,"description":198,"footprint":141,"specs":199},"Mantiene EN a nivel alto y fija el retardo de reinicio con C1","Lleva EN (CHIP_PU) a 3,3 V para que el chip funcione mientras Q1 y SW2 estén abiertos. Junto con C1 retrasa el flanco de subida de EN en el encendido y tras un reinicio. Espressif recomienda R = 10 kΩ para este retardo RC.",{"Resistencia":200},"10 kΩ (DevKitC V4, R11; guías Espressif Hardware Design Guidelines)",{"refDes":153,"name":85,"value":155,"role":202,"description":203,"footprint":204,"specs":205},"Retrasa la liberación de EN","Con R3 ralentiza la subida de EN hasta una constante de tiempo calculada de 10 ms. Espressif recomienda C = 1 µF en sus guías de diseño de hardware, y la documentación de esptool pide de 1 µF a 10 µF en EN para un reinicio automático fiable. La propia DevKitC V4 monta aquí 0,1 µF (C9).","0603 \u002F 0805 ceramic",{"Capacidad":206,"Recomendación de esptool":207},"1 µF (guías Espressif Hardware Design Guidelines)","de 1 µF a 10 µF",{"refDes":160,"name":209,"value":162,"role":164,"description":210,"footprint":211,"specs":212},"Botón BOOT","Lleva IO0 a masa mientras está pulsado. Manteniendo BOOT mientras se pulsa y se suelta EN, el bootloader serie arranca a mano cuando no se puede usar el circuito automático.","Tactile switch",{"Función":213},"IO0 a GND mientras está pulsado",{"refDes":167,"name":215,"value":168,"role":169,"description":216,"footprint":211,"specs":217},"Botón EN (reinicio)","Lleva EN a masa mientras está pulsado, lo que reinicia el ESP32. Está conectado en paralelo con Q1.",{"Función":218},"EN a GND mientras está pulsado",{"schemaVersion":220,"id":221,"meta":222,"components":229,"nets":335,"junctions":397,"netLabels":423,"wires":424},"1.5","esp32_auto_reset",{"title":223,"locale":224,"grid":225,"source":226},"Circuito de reinicio automático y arranque del ESP32","es",20,{"type":227,"ref":228,"url":17},"datasheet","Espressif ESP32-DevKitC V4 schematic (ESP32_DevKitc_V4, Rev V4, 2017-12-06), \"Micro USB 5V & USB-UART\" block: Q1\u002FQ2 SS8050-G, R21\u002FR22 10 kΩ, R11 10 kΩ, auto-program truth table; SW1\u002FSW2 \"SWITCH BUTTON\" block. EN RC values R = 10 kΩ, C = 1 µF from Espressif ESP32 Hardware Design Guidelines, Schematic Checklist, CHIP_PU. Adaptation: 2N3904 in place of SS8050; R1\u002FR2\u002FR3\u002FC1 renumbered from R21\u002FR22\u002FR11\u002FC9; button capacitors C14\u002FC15 not 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1N4007","Circuito de conmutación de lado bajo con transistor bipolar NPN para relé de 12V con diodo flyback 1N4007, excitación en saturación y desacoplo de alimentación para MCU de 3.3V\u002F5V.",7,4,"controlador de relé con bjt npn 2n2222 \u002F 2n2222a y diodo flyback 1n4007\ncircuito de conmutación de lado bajo con transistor bipolar npn para relé de 12v con diodo flyback 1n4007, excitación en saturación y desacoplo de alimentación para mcu de 3.3v\u002F5v.\ncontrolador de relé con bjt npn 2n2222 \u002F 2n2222a y diodo flyback 1n4007\ncircuito de conmutación de lado bajo con transistor bipolar npn para relé de 12v con diodo flyback 1n4007, excitación en saturación y desacoplo de alimentación para mcu de 3.3v\u002F5v.\n2n2222 \u002F 2n2222a npn bjt relay driver with 1n4007 flyback clamping diode\ndiscrete npn bipolar junction transistor low-side relay driver circuit with 1n4007 flyback suppression diode, base saturation drive, and supply decoupling for 3.3v\u002F5v mcu control.\nmicrocontroller_interfaces\ntransistor bipolar npn de uso general\n2n2222a\nq1\ndiodo rectificador \u002F fijador de uso general\n1n4007\nd1\nrelé subminiatura electromecánico spdt\ng5v-1-dc12\nk1\nresistencia limitadora de base 1 kω\n1kω\nr1\nresistencia pull-down de base 10 kω\n10kω\nr2\ncondensador cerámico de desacoplo mlcc\n100nf 50v\nc1\ncondensador electrolítico de desacoplo de aluminio\n47µf 25v\nc2",{"slug":635,"cluster":20,"tier":21,"supplyVoltage":636,"voltageSpecification":637,"signalDomain":628,"breadboardFriendly":14,"title":640,"shortDescription":641,"bomCount":642,"formulaCount":632,"search":643},"bss138-bidirectional-i2c-level-shifter",[621,622],{"kind":625,"value":638,"label":639},"+3,3 V CC nominal (rango operativo de +1,65 V a +3,6 V)","Alimentación de baja tensión (VDD1)","Desplazador de nivel bidireccional I2C de 3,3 V a 5 V con BSS138","Traductor de nivel de tensión bidireccional para bus I2C que interconecta dominios lógicos de 3,3 V y 5 V mediante dos MOSFET de canal N onsemi BSS138 con resistencias pull-up y desacoplo de alimentación.",8,"desplazador de nivel bidireccional i2c de 3,3 v a 5 v con bss138\ntraductor de nivel de tensión bidireccional para bus i2c que interconecta dominios lógicos de 3,3 v y 5 v mediante dos mosfet de canal n onsemi bss138 con resistencias pull-up y desacoplo de alimentación.\ndesplazador de nivel bidireccional i2c de 3,3 v a 5 v con bss138\ntraductor de nivel de tensión bidireccional para bus i2c que interconecta dominios lógicos de 3,3 v y 5 v mediante dos mosfet de canal n onsemi bss138 con resistencias pull-up y desacoplo de alimentación.\nbss138 bidirectional i2c 3.3v to 5v level shifter\nbidirectional i2c bus voltage level translator interfacing 3.3v and 5v logic domains using two onsemi bss138 n-channel mosfets with pull-up resistors and decoupled supplies.\nmicrocontroller_interfaces\nmosfet de nivel lógico de canal n\nbss138\nq1\nmosfet de nivel lógico de canal n\nbss138\nq2\nresistencia chip smd\n10kω\nr1\nresistencia chip smd\n10kω\nr2\nresistencia chip smd\n10kω\nr3\nresistencia chip smd\n10kω\nr4\ncondensador cerámico multicapa\n100nf\nc1\ncondensador cerámico multicapa\n100nf\nc2",{"slug":645,"cluster":20,"tier":21,"supplyVoltage":646,"voltageSpecification":648,"signalDomain":651,"breadboardFriendly":14,"title":652,"shortDescription":653,"bomCount":631,"formulaCount":632,"search":654},"irlz44n-logic-level-low-side-switch",[621,622,623,647],"24v",{"kind":625,"value":649,"label":650},"+12.0 V CC nominal (rango operativo de +5.0 V a +50.0 V CC)","Tensión de alimentación de la carga (VLOAD)","mixed","Conmutador de CC de lado bajo con MOSFET de nivel lógico IRLZ44N","Circuito conmutador de CC discreto de 12V\u002F24V de lado bajo para cargas inductivas y resistivas con MOSFET de canal N de nivel lógico Infineon IRLZ44NPbF controlado directamente por lógica MCU de 3.3V o 5V.","conmutador de cc de lado bajo con mosfet de nivel lógico irlz44n\ncircuito conmutador de cc discreto de 12v\u002F24v de lado bajo para cargas inductivas y resistivas con mosfet de canal n de nivel lógico infineon irlz44npbf controlado directamente por lógica mcu de 3.3v o 5v.\nconmutador de cc de lado bajo con mosfet de nivel lógico irlz44n\ncircuito conmutador de cc discreto de 12v\u002F24v de lado bajo para cargas inductivas y resistivas con mosfet de canal n de nivel lógico infineon irlz44npbf controlado directamente por lógica mcu de 3.3v o 5v.\nirlz44n logic-level n-channel mosfet low-side dc switch\ndiscrete 12v\u002F24v low-side dc switch circuit driving high-current inductive and resistive loads with an infineon irlz44npbf logic-level mosfet from 3.3v or 5v mcu logic.\nmicrocontroller_interfaces\nmosfet de potencia de canal n de nivel lógico\nirlz44npbf\nq1\nresistor serie de amortiguación de puerta 100 ω\n100ω\nr1\nresistor pull-down de puerta 10 kω\n10kω\nr2\ndiodo de supresión inductiva flyback\n1n4007\nd1\nmotor de cc de escobillas de 12v\n12v dc motor\nm1\ncondensador electrolítico de desacoplo de alimentación 100 µf\n100µf\nc1\ncondensador cerámico de derivación de alta frecuencia 100 nf\n100nf\nc2",1793836429915]